For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, March 22, 2017                      USDL-17-0354

Technical information: (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                           EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS -- 2016


The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces
at any time since September 2001--a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans--
edged down to 5.1 percent in 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
The jobless rate for all veterans also edged down over the year to 4.3 percent.
About 36 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a service-connected disability in
August 2016, compared with 22 percent of all veterans.

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly
sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides data on employment and
unemployment in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the
CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2016 annual averages presented in this
news release. In August 2016, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information
about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' current or
past Reserve or National Guard membership. Information from the supplement is also
presented in this release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training
Service. For more information, see the Technical Note, which provides definitions of
terms used in this release.

Highlights from the 2016 data:

   --The unemployment rate for male veterans overall was not statistically different
     from the rate for female veterans in 2016. The unemployment rate for male 
     veterans (4.2 percent) edged down over the year, and the rate for female 
     veterans (5.0 percent) changed little. (See table A.)

   --Among the 453,000 unemployed veterans in 2016, 60 percent were age 45 and over,
     36 percent were age 25 to 44, and 4 percent were age 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

   --Veterans with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 4.8
     percent in August 2016, about the same as veterans with no disability (4.7
     percent). (See table 7.)

  --Nearly 1 in 3 employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in
    the public sector in August 2016, compared with about 1 in 5 veterans with no
    disability. (See table 8.)

   --In 2016, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging
     from 1.8 percent in Indiana to 7.6 percent in the District of Columbia. (See
     table 6A.)

The Veteran Population

In 2016, 20.9 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 9 percent of the
civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. About 10 percent of all veterans
were women. In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these
data were collected. Veterans are more likely to be men than nonveterans and also tend
to be older. In part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during
World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now over 55 years
old. Veterans who served during these wartime periods accounted for 41 percent (8.5
million) of the total veteran population in 2016. Just over one-third of veterans
(7.3 million) served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War 
era II (September 2001 forward). Another quarter (5.2 million) served outside the
designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Gulf War-era II Veterans

In 2016, there were 3.9 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II
(September 2001 forward). Eighteen percent of these veterans were women, compared
with about 4 percent of veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam
era. Seventy-one percent of all Gulf War-era II veterans were between the ages of 25
and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men was not statistically
different from the rate for women in 2016. The unemployment rates for both men (5.0
percent) and women (5.6 percent) were little changed from the prior year. (See
table A.)

The unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans (5.0 percent) was little
different than the rate for male nonveterans (4.8 percent) in 2016. Among men age 25
to 34, Gulf War-era II veterans had a higher unemployment rate (6.6 percent) than did
nonveterans (4.9 percent). For the other age groups, unemployment rates of male Gulf
War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different. (See table 2B.)

Among women, the unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans (5.6 percent) was not
statistically different from the rate for nonveterans (4.6 percent) in 2016. By age,
unemployment rates for female Gulf War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not
statistically different. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public
sector in 2016 as employed nonveterans--28 percent and 13 percent, respectively.
Among the employed, 16 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal
government, compared with 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 5.)

In August 2016, 48 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq,
Afghanistan, or both locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 4.8
percent, not statistically different from Gulf War-era II veterans who served
elsewhere (6.0 percent). (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

Of the 3.4 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August
2001), 15 percent were women. Nearly all (98 percent) Gulf War-era I veterans were
age 35 and over in 2016, compared with half of Gulf War-era II veterans. (See tables 1
and 2A.)

In 2016, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era I veterans was 3.5 percent, lower
than the rate for their Gulf War-era II veteran counterparts (5.0 percent). The
difference in the unemployment rates reflects, at least in part, the older age profile
of veterans who served during Gulf War era I. Younger people--whether veterans or
nonveterans--tend to have higher unemployment rates. Among women, the rates for Gulf
War-era I veterans (4.2 percent) and Gulf War-era II veterans (5.6 percent) were not
statistically different. (See tables 2B and 2C.)

Veterans of Other Service Periods

In 2016, 5.2 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods,"
mainly between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf
War era I. All veterans from this period of service were 40 years or older at the time
of the survey. Twenty-six percent of these veterans were age 45 to 54 in 2016, another
34 percent were age 55 to 64, and another 39 percent were age 65 and over. (See
table 2A.)

In 2016, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. Among veterans of other
service periods, the unemployment rate for men was 4.1 percent, little different than
the rate for women (4.9 percent). (See table 1.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2016, about 4.6 million veterans, or 22 percent of the total, had a service-
connected disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a
disability rating by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of
Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points,
depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 7.)

The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability was 4.8 percent
in August 2016, about the same as veterans with no disability (4.7 percent). The labor
force participation rate for veterans with a service-connected disability (46.4 percent)
was lower than the rate for veterans with no disability (50.7 percent).

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 30 percent had a disability rating
of less than 30 percent, while another 37 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher.
In August 2016, veterans with a service-connected disability rating of less than 30
percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60
percent or higher (54.7 percent and 29.9 percent, respectively). The unemployment rate
for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 4.4 percent, not
statistically different than for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher
(3.8 percent).

Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 36 percent (1.4 million) had a
service-connected disability. Of these, 76.0 percent were in the labor force in August
2016, lower than the 86.6 percent for veterans from this period with no service-
connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for those
with a service-connected disability was 5.4 percent, little different from those with
no disability (5.7 percent).

In August 2016, about a quarter (901,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I
had a service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate (64.0 percent)
was lower than the rate for veterans from the era who did not have a disability (86.7
percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans with a service-connected
disability (5.3 percent) was not statistically different than that for Gulf War-era I
veterans without a service-connected disability (4.2 percent).

Among the 1.6 million veterans with a service-connected disability from World War II,
the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, 14.1 percent were in the labor force in August
2016 , lower than the 25.3 percent of veterans from these periods who did not have a
service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of veterans with a disability from
these wartime periods was 3.7 percent, about the same as their counterparts with no
disability (3.8 percent).

About 669,000 or 13 percent of veterans who served during other service periods
reported a service-connected disability in August 2016. The labor force participation
rate for these veterans (37.8 percent) was lower than their counterparts without a 
service-connected disability (50.3 percent), while the unemployment rate was not 
statistically different for veterans with a service-connected disability (2.0 percent) 
and those with no disability (4.8 percent).

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability
worked in the public sector. In August 2016, 31 percent of employed veterans with a
disability worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 19 percent of
veterans with no disability and 13 percent of nonveterans. In particular, 20 percent
of employed veterans with a disability worked for the federal government, compared
with 7 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See
table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2016, about one-third of Gulf War-era veterans (August 1990 to present) were
current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Labor force participation
rates were higher for veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or
National Guard (83.6 percent), compared with veterans who were never members (80.6
percent). Among Gulf War-era veterans, those who were current or past members of the
Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate (4.0 percent) that was not
statistically different than those who had never been members (5.6 percent). (See
table 9.)

Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, 2015-2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service	2015			2016
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
TOTAL VETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population	21,209	19,212	1,997	20,895	18,881	2,014
Civilian labor force	10,757	9,517	1,241	10,581	9,334	1,247
Participation rate	50.7	49.5	62.1	50.6	49.4	61.9
Employed	10,263	9,089	1,174	10,129	8,944	1,184
Employment-population ratio	48.4	47.3	58.8	48.5	47.4	58.8
Unemployed	495	428	67	453	390	63
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.5	5.4	4.3	4.2	5.0
Not in labor force	10,452	9,695	757	10,314	9,547	767
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,594	2,959	635	3,896	3,207	689
Civilian labor force	2,913	2,462	451	3,174	2,666	508
Participation rate	81.0	83.2	71.0	81.5	83.1	73.7
Employed	2,745	2,322	422	3,013	2,533	480
Employment-population ratio	76.4	78.5	66.4	77.3	79.0	69.6
Unemployed	168	140	29	161	133	28
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.7	6.4	5.1	5.0	5.6
Not in labor force	681	497	184	722	541	181
NONVETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population	220,740	97,380	123,360	223,649	99,107	124,541
Civilian labor force	144,385	73,107	71,278	146,479	74,393	72,086
Participation rate	65.4	75.1	57.8	65.5	75.1	57.9
Employed	136,947	69,243	67,704	139,560	70,799	68,761
Employment-population ratio	62.0	71.1	54.9	62.4	71.4	55.2
Unemployed	7,439	3,864	3,574	6,919	3,594	3,325
Unemployment rate	5.2	5.3	5.0	4.7	4.8	4.6
Not in labor force	76,355	24,273	52,082	77,170	24,714	52,455
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Technical Note

   The data in this release were collected through the Current Population Survey
(CPS). The CPS--a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by
the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--obtains information
on employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional
population age 16 and over.

   Most of the data in this release are annual averages for 2016, compiled from the
results of the monthly survey. In August 2016, a supplement to the CPS collected
additional information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability,
veterans' Reserve or National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or
Afghanistan. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training
Service. Questions were asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their
prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated for persons 18 years of
age and older.

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals
upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions

   The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows:

   Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of
the Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been
called  to active duty. Persons who are on active duty at the time of the survey
are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as
are persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons.

   Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces.

   World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and
women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service,
regardless of where in the world they served. Veterans who served in more than
one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

   Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed
Forces at any time other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or
the Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts
during other service periods, these conflicts were more limited in scope and included
a smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. Veterans
who served during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are
classified in the wartime period.

   Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?"

   Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the Armed Forces, but 
not the location of their service. It is obtained from answers to the question 
asked of veterans, "When did you serve on active duty in the  U.S. Armed Forces?"

   The following service periods are identified:

      Gulf War era II -- September 2001-present
      Gulf War era I  -- August 1990-August 2001
      Vietnam era     -- August 1964-April 1975
      Korean War      -- July 1950-January 1955
      World War II    -- December 1941-December 1946
      Other service periods -- All other time periods

   Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service.
Veterans are counted only in one period of service, their most recent wartime period.
Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service definitions are modified
occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program needs of the survey
sponsors.

   Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are individuals who served in
Iraq at any time since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001,
or in both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by answers to
two questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions
over Iraq at any time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or
did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since October 2001?"

   Presence of service-connected disability is determined by answers to the question,
"Has the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) determined
that you have a service-connected disability, that is, a health condition or
impairment caused or made worse by any of your military service?"

   Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What
is your current service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to
100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined by the
VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating
Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of 
disability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result
of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent as far as can
practicably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting from
such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations." 
Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of
0 through 100 percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders.

   Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to Gulf War-era veterans who are
current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve and
National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active duty.
These data do not refer to all persons who may have ever served in the Reserve or 
National Guard. Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers to two 
questions. Gulf War-era veterans were asked: "Was any of your active service the 
result of a call-up from the Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they
were  asked, "Have you ever been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes'
response to either question classified persons as "Current or past member of the 
Reserve or National Guard." A 'no' response to the latter question classified
persons as "Never a member of the Reserve or National Guard."

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that
the sample estimates will differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as
sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on
a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population
value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent
level of confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur
for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data.

   Information about the reliability of national data from the CPS and estimating
standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

   For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates from the CPS, such as those
in tables 6A and 6B of this release, see www.bls.gov/opub/gp/gpapndb.htm.

Comparability of estimates

   Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement shown
in tables 7 through 10 of this release reflect a change in the weighting methodology.
As a result of this change, for August 2015 and later years, the estimates of the
number of veterans with a service-connected disability, veteran Reserve or National
Guard members, and veterans who served in Iraq or Afghanistan were higher than in
previous years. The supplement data presented in this release are not strictly
comparable with data for years before 2015 due to the change. See the note in the
Employment Situation of Veterans 2015 news release for more information about the
change in weighting methodology (www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/vet_03222016.pdf).

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over	244,544	157,060	64.2	149,689	61.2	7,371	4.7	87,484
Veterans	20,895	10,581	50.6	10,129	48.5	453	4.3	10,314
Gulf War era, total	7,250	5,869	81.0	5,610	77.4	259	4.4	1,381
Gulf War era II	3,896	3,174	81.5	3,013	77.3	161	5.1	722
Gulf War era I	3,354	2,695	80.4	2,597	77.4	98	3.6	659
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	8,490	2,108	24.8	2,025	23.8	83	3.9	6,382
Other service periods	5,156	2,604	50.5	2,494	48.4	110	4.2	2,551
Nonveterans	223,649	146,479	65.5	139,560	62.4	6,919	4.7	77,170
Men
Total, 18 years and over	117,989	83,727	71.0	79,743	67.6	3,984	4.8	34,262
Veterans	18,881	9,334	49.4	8,944	47.4	390	4.2	9,547
Gulf War era, total	6,052	4,981	82.3	4,766	78.8	215	4.3	1,070
Gulf War era II	3,207	2,666	83.1	2,533	79.0	133	5.0	541
Gulf War era I	2,845	2,315	81.4	2,233	78.5	82	3.5	530
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	8,186	2,033	24.8	1,955	23.9	78	3.9	6,153
Other service periods	4,644	2,320	50.0	2,224	47.9	96	4.1	2,324
Nonveterans	99,107	74,393	75.1	70,799	71.4	3,594	4.8	24,714
Women
Total, 18 years and over	126,555	73,333	57.9	69,946	55.3	3,388	4.6	53,222
Veterans	2,014	1,247	61.9	1,184	58.8	63	5.0	767
Gulf War era, total	1,198	888	74.1	844	70.4	44	5.0	310
Gulf War era II	689	508	73.7	480	69.6	28	5.6	181
Gulf War era I	509	379	74.6	364	71.5	16	4.2	129
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	304	75	24.6	70	23.1	5	6.4	229
Other service periods	512	285	55.6	271	52.9	14	4.9	227
Nonveterans	124,541	72,086	57.9	68,761	55.2	3,325	4.6	52,455
White
Total, 18 years and over	191,576	122,966	64.2	117,894	61.5	5,072	4.1	68,610
Veterans	17,417	8,543	49.1	8,195	47.1	348	4.1	8,874
Gulf War era, total	5,547	4,520	81.5	4,320	77.9	200	4.4	1,027
Gulf War era II	3,009	2,453	81.5	2,325	77.3	128	5.2	556
Gulf War era I	2,538	2,067	81.4	1,994	78.6	72	3.5	472
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	7,512	1,872	24.9	1,804	24.0	68	3.6	5,640
Other service periods	4,358	2,151	49.4	2,071	47.5	80	3.7	2,207
Nonveterans	174,160	114,423	65.7	109,700	63.0	4,724	4.1	59,736
Black or African American
Total, 18 years and over	30,594	19,469	63.6	17,885	58.5	1,584	8.1	11,125
Veterans	2,552	1,488	58.3	1,406	55.1	82	5.5	1,063
Gulf War era, total	1,237	975	78.8	928	75.0	46	4.8	262
Gulf War era II	619	493	79.6	468	75.6	25	5.1	126
Gulf War era I	618	482	78.0	461	74.5	21	4.5	136
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	696	160	23.1	151	21.7	10	6.0	536
Other service periods	619	353	57.1	327	52.9	26	7.4	265
Nonveterans	28,042	17,980	64.1	16,478	58.8	1,502	8.4	10,062
Asian
Total, 18 years and over	14,586	9,423	64.6	9,087	62.3	336	3.6	5,163
Veterans	309	197	63.6	193	62.3	4	2.1	113
Gulf War era, total	166	137	82.6	134	80.7	3	2.3	29
Gulf War era II	96	83	86.5	81	84.9	2	1.8	13
Gulf War era I	70	54	77.3	53	75.0	2	3.0	16
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	92	29	32.1	29	31.2	1	-	62
Other service periods	52	30	58.7	30	58.5	0	-	21
Nonveterans	14,277	9,226	64.6	8,894	62.3	332	3.6	5,051
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 18 years and over	38,536	26,313	68.3	24,844	64.5	1,470	5.6	12,222
Veterans	1,484	940	63.3	894	60.2	46	4.9	545
Gulf War era, total	794	646	81.3	620	78.0	27	4.1	148
Gulf War era II	532	430	80.9	411	77.3	19	4.5	102
Gulf War era I	262	216	82.2	209	79.5	7	3.4	47
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	359	98	27.3	92	25.5	6	6.6	261
Other service periods	331	195	59.1	183	55.2	13	6.6	135
Nonveterans	37,051	25,374	68.5	23,950	64.6	1,424	5.6	11,678
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	20,895	10,581	50.6	10,129	48.5	453	4.3	10,314
18 to 24 years	237	182	76.5	165	69.5	17	9.2	56
25 to 34 years	1,742	1,431	82.1	1,340	76.9	90	6.3	311
35 to 44 years	2,284	1,984	86.9	1,910	83.6	74	3.7	299
45 to 54 years	3,269	2,757	84.3	2,662	81.4	95	3.4	512
55 to 64 years	3,806	2,359	62.0	2,257	59.3	102	4.3	1,446
65 years and over	9,557	1,868	19.5	1,794	18.8	74	4.0	7,689
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	7,250	5,869	81.0	5,610	77.4	259	4.4	1,381
18 to 24 years	237	182	76.5	165	69.5	17	9.2	56
25 to 34 years	1,742	1,431	82.1	1,340	76.9	90	6.3	311
35 to 44 years	2,271	1,973	86.9	1,900	83.7	73	3.7	298
45 to 54 years	1,924	1,643	85.4	1,588	82.6	55	3.4	280
55 to 64 years	812	571	70.3	550	67.7	21	3.6	242
65 years and over	263	69	26.3	66	25.2	3	3.9	194
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	3,896	3,174	81.5	3,013	77.3	161	5.1	722
18 to 24 years	237	182	76.5	165	69.5	17	9.2	56
25 to 34 years	1,692	1,390	82.2	1,301	76.9	89	6.4	302
35 to 44 years	1,070	902	84.3	869	81.2	33	3.7	169
45 to 54 years	609	515	84.7	499	82.0	16	3.2	93
55 to 64 years	229	168	73.1	162	70.6	6	3.5	62
65 years and over	59	18	30.7	18	30.6	0	-	41
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over	3,354	2,695	80.4	2,597	77.4	98	3.6	659
25 to 34 years	50	41	81.1	40	78.8	1	2.8	10
35 to 44 years	1,201	1,072	89.2	1,031	85.9	40	3.8	129
45 to 54 years	1,315	1,128	85.8	1,089	82.8	39	3.4	187
55 to 64 years	583	403	69.2	388	66.6	15	3.7	180
65 years and over	204	51	25.0	48	23.7	3	5.3	153
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over	8,490	2,108	24.8	2,025	23.8	83	3.9	6,382
55 to 64 years	1,227	609	49.7	584	47.6	25	4.2	618
65 years and over	7,263	1,499	20.6	1,441	19.8	58	3.9	5,764
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over	5,156	2,604	50.5	2,494	48.4	110	4.2	2,551
35 to 44 years	13	11	-	10	-	1	-	2
45 to 54 years	1,346	1,114	82.8	1,074	79.8	40	3.6	232
55 to 64 years	1,767	1,180	66.8	1,124	63.6	56	4.7	587
65 years and over	2,031	300	14.8	286	14.1	14	4.5	1,731
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	223,649	146,479	65.5	139,560	62.4	6,919	4.7	77,170
18 to 24 years	29,204	18,894	64.7	17,080	58.5	1,814	9.6	10,310
25 to 34 years	41,805	34,089	81.5	32,382	77.5	1,707	5.0	7,716
35 to 44 years	37,533	30,835	82.2	29,652	79.0	1,183	3.8	6,697
45 to 54 years	39,127	31,151	79.6	30,057	76.8	1,093	3.5	7,977
55 to 64 years	37,505	24,109	64.3	23,267	62.0	842	3.5	13,396
65 years and over	38,475	7,401	19.2	7,123	18.5	278	3.8	31,074
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over	18,881	9,334	49.4	8,944	47.4	390	4.2	9,547
18 to 24 years	191	151	79.3	138	72.3	13	8.8	40
25 to 34 years	1,424	1,204	84.6	1,126	79.1	78	6.5	219
35 to 44 years	1,880	1,667	88.6	1,608	85.5	59	3.6	214
45 to 54 years	2,803	2,395	85.4	2,318	82.7	77	3.2	409
55 to 64 years	3,360	2,096	62.4	2,006	59.7	90	4.3	1,264
65 years and over	9,224	1,821	19.7	1,749	19.0	72	4.0	7,402
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	6,052	4,981	82.3	4,766	78.8	215	4.3	1,070
18 to 24 years	191	151	79.3	138	72.3	13	8.8	40
25 to 34 years	1,424	1,204	84.6	1,126	79.1	78	6.5	219
35 to 44 years	1,870	1,658	88.6	1,599	85.5	59	3.5	212
45 to 54 years	1,635	1,411	86.3	1,368	83.6	43	3.1	224
55 to 64 years	697	494	70.8	475	68.1	19	3.9	204
65 years and over	235	63	27.0	61	25.8	3	4.3	172
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	3,207	2,666	83.1	2,533	79.0	133	5.0	541
18 to 24 years	191	151	79.3	138	72.3	13	8.8	40
25 to 34 years	1,386	1,174	84.7	1,096	79.1	78	6.6	212
35 to 44 years	865	742	85.7	716	82.7	26	3.5	123
45 to 54 years	517	438	84.7	427	82.6	11	2.5	79
55 to 64 years	197	146	73.9	141	71.5	5	3.2	51
65 years and over	51	15	30.3	15	30.2	0	-	35
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over	2,845	2,315	81.4	2,233	78.5	82	3.5	530
25 to 34 years	38	30	80.8	30	79.8	0	-	7
35 to 44 years	1,005	916	91.1	884	87.9	32	3.5	89
45 to 54 years	1,118	973	87.0	940	84.1	32	3.3	145
55 to 64 years	500	348	69.6	334	66.7	14	4.1	152
65 years and over	184	48	26.1	45	24.6	3	5.6	136
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over	8,186	2,033	24.8	1,955	23.9	78	3.9	6,153
55 to 64 years	1,136	567	49.9	544	47.9	23	4.0	569
65 years and over	7,050	1,466	20.8	1,410	20.0	56	3.8	5,584
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over	4,644	2,320	50.0	2,224	47.9	96	4.1	2,324
35 to 44 years	10	9	-	8	-	1	-	1
45 to 54 years	1,168	984	84.2	950	81.3	33	3.4	185
55 to 64 years	1,526	1,035	67.8	987	64.7	48	4.7	491
65 years and over	1,939	292	15.0	278	14.4	13	4.6	1,647
NONVETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over	99,107	74,393	75.1	70,799	71.4	3,594	4.8	24,714
18 to 24 years	14,673	9,770	66.6	8,733	59.5	1,037	10.6	4,902
25 to 34 years	20,147	17,947	89.1	17,059	84.7	888	4.9	2,200
35 to 44 years	17,633	16,019	90.8	15,435	87.5	584	3.6	1,614
45 to 54 years	17,923	15,494	86.4	14,969	83.5	525	3.4	2,429
55 to 64 years	16,510	11,845	71.7	11,404	69.1	441	3.7	4,665
65 years and over	12,222	3,318	27.1	3,199	26.2	119	3.6	8,904
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over	2,014	1,247	61.9	1,184	58.8	63	5.0	767
18 to 24 years	47	30	65.3	27	58.2	3	-	16
25 to 34 years	318	227	71.2	214	67.3	12	5.4	92
35 to 44 years	403	318	78.7	303	75.0	15	4.7	86
45 to 54 years	466	363	77.9	344	73.9	18	5.0	103
55 to 64 years	446	263	59.0	251	56.3	12	4.5	183
65 years and over	334	47	14.0	44	13.3	2	4.9	287
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	1,198	888	74.1	844	70.4	44	5.0	310
18 to 24 years	47	30	65.3	27	58.2	3	-	16
25 to 34 years	318	227	71.2	214	67.3	12	5.4	92
35 to 44 years	401	316	78.7	301	75.0	15	4.7	85
45 to 54 years	288	232	80.5	220	76.4	12	5.2	56
55 to 64 years	115	77	67.0	75	65.5	2	2.2	38
65 years and over	28	6	-	6	-	0	-	23
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	689	508	73.7	480	69.6	28	5.6	181
18 to 24 years	47	30	65.3	27	58.2	3	-	16
25 to 34 years	306	216	70.7	205	67.0	11	5.3	90
35 to 44 years	205	160	78.0	153	74.6	7	4.3	45
45 to 54 years	91	77	84.3	72	78.4	5	7.1	14
55 to 64 years	33	22	-	21	-	1	-	10
65 years and over	8	3	-	3	-	0	-	6
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over	509	379	74.6	364	71.5	16	4.2	129
25 to 34 years	13	10	-	10	-	1	-	2
35 to 44 years	196	156	79.4	148	75.4	8	5.1	40
45 to 54 years	197	155	78.7	149	75.4	7	4.2	42
55 to 64 years	82	55	66.5	54	65.8	1	1.1	28
65 years and over	20	3	-	3	-	0	-	17
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over	304	75	24.6	70	23.1	5	6.4	229
55 to 64 years	91	42	46.3	39	43.3	3	6.5	49
65 years and over	213	33	15.4	31	14.4	2	-	180
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over	512	285	55.6	271	52.9	14	4.9	227
35 to 44 years	2	2	-	2	-	0	-	0
45 to 54 years	177	130	73.6	124	70.0	6	4.8	47
55 to 64 years	240	144	60.0	137	56.9	8	5.2	96
65 years and over	92	8	8.8	8	8.6	0	-	84
NONVETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over	124,541	72,086	57.9	68,761	55.2	3,325	4.6	52,455
18 to 24 years	14,531	9,124	62.8	8,346	57.4	777	8.5	5,407
25 to 34 years	21,658	16,142	74.5	15,323	70.7	819	5.1	5,516
35 to 44 years	19,900	14,816	74.5	14,217	71.4	599	4.0	5,083
45 to 54 years	21,205	15,657	73.8	15,088	71.2	569	3.6	5,548
55 to 64 years	20,995	12,264	58.4	11,863	56.5	401	3.3	8,731
65 years and over	26,253	4,083	15.6	3,924	14.9	159	3.9	22,170
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment, 2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over	20,658	10,400	50.3	9,964	48.2	436	4.2	10,258
Less than a high school diploma	983	217	22.1	204	20.8	13	6.0	766
High school graduates, no college	6,025	2,692	44.7	2,568	42.6	123	4.6	3,333
Some college or associate degree	7,268	3,912	53.8	3,732	51.4	180	4.6	3,355
Bachelor's degree and higher	6,382	3,579	56.1	3,459	54.2	120	3.3	2,803
Gulf War era, total
Total, 25 years and over	7,013	5,688	81.1	5,445	77.6	243	4.3	1,325
Less than a high school diploma	87	58	66.9	54	61.9	4	7.5	29
High school graduates, no college	1,585	1,272	80.2	1,206	76.1	66	5.2	313
Some college or associate degree	2,911	2,304	79.1	2,193	75.3	111	4.8	607
Bachelor's degree and higher	2,430	2,054	84.5	1,992	82.0	62	3.0	376
Gulf War era II
Total, 25 years and over	3,659	2,993	81.8	2,848	77.8	145	4.8	666
Less than a high school diploma	41	25	62.6	25	61.3	1	-	15
High school graduates, no college	782	625	80.0	583	74.6	42	6.8	156
Some college or associate degree	1,563	1,217	77.9	1,149	73.5	69	5.6	346
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,274	1,125	88.3	1,092	85.7	33	2.9	149
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over	3,354	2,695	80.4	2,597	77.4	98	3.6	659
Less than a high school diploma	46	33	70.7	29	62.4	4	-	14
High school graduates, no college	803	646	80.5	623	77.6	23	3.6	157
Some college or associate degree	1,348	1,087	80.6	1,045	77.5	42	3.9	262
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,156	929	80.4	901	77.9	29	3.1	227
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 25 years and over	8,490	2,108	24.8	2,025	23.8	83	3.9	6,382
Less than a high school diploma	605	79	13.0	76	12.5	3	4.0	526
High school graduates, no college	2,664	559	21.0	536	20.1	22	4.0	2,105
Some college or associate degree	2,664	702	26.3	673	25.3	29	4.2	1,962
Bachelor's degree and higher	2,557	769	30.1	740	28.9	29	3.7	1,788
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over	5,156	2,604	50.5	2,494	48.4	110	4.2	2,551
Less than a high school diploma	291	80	27.5	74	25.6	5	6.8	211
High school graduates, no college	1,776	862	48.5	826	46.5	35	4.1	915
Some college or associate degree	1,692	906	53.6	867	51.2	40	4.4	786
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,396	756	54.2	727	52.1	29	3.9	639
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 years and over	194,445	127,585	65.6	122,480	63.0	5,104	4.0	66,860
Less than a high school diploma	22,197	10,331	46.5	9,559	43.1	772	7.5	11,867
High school graduates, no college	55,882	32,886	58.8	31,168	55.8	1,717	5.2	22,996
Some college or associate degree	50,248	34,265	68.2	32,881	65.4	1,384	4.0	15,983
Bachelor's degree and higher	66,118	50,104	75.8	48,872	73.9	1,231	2.5	16,014
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2016 annual averages [Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex	Veterans						Non- veterans
	Total	Gulf War era			WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	Other service periods
		Total	Gulf War era II	Gulf War era I
TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)	10,129	5,610	3,013	2,597	2,025	2,494	139,560
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	39.7	39.7	39.3	40.1	40.9	38.8	39.6
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	19.7	18.2	17.9	18.5	23.2	20.3	16.4
Professional and related occupations	20.0	21.5	21.4	21.6	17.7	18.5	23.2
Service occupations	14.0	15.7	17.8	13.4	11.2	12.4	17.6
Sales and office occupations	16.4	16.6	16.2	17.1	17.6	15.1	22.4
Sales and related occupations	8.8	8.4	8.3	8.6	11.7	7.4	10.4
Office and administrative support occupations	7.6	8.2	7.9	8.5	5.9	7.7	12.0
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13.3	13.6	12.9	14.4	12.0	13.6	8.9
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.8	0.4	0.7
Construction and extraction occupations	5.9	5.6	5.3	5.9	5.9	6.5	5.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	7.0	7.7	7.2	8.2	5.3	6.8	3.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	16.6	14.4	13.9	15.0	18.3	20.1	11.4
Production occupations	6.4	6.0	5.7	6.4	5.6	7.9	5.6
Transportation and material moving occupations	10.2	8.4	8.1	8.6	12.7	12.2	5.9
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)	8,944	4,766	2,533	2,233	1,955	2,224	70,799
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	38.3	37.8	37.4	38.3	40.3	37.4	35.8
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	19.8	18.4	18.0	18.9	23.2	19.7	17.3
Professional and related occupations	18.5	19.4	19.5	19.4	17.2	17.7	18.5
Service occupations	13.8	15.7	17.6	13.4	11.2	12.3	14.2
Sales and office occupations	14.9	14.7	14.3	15.2	17.3	13.3	16.2
Sales and related occupations	8.9	8.4	8.0	8.8	11.8	7.3	10.1
Office and administrative support occupations	6.1	6.3	6.3	6.4	5.5	6.0	6.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14.8	15.7	15.1	16.4	12.4	15.2	16.7
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.9	0.4	1.1
Construction and extraction occupations	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.7	6.1	7.2	9.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	7.8	8.9	8.4	9.4	5.5	7.6	5.7
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18.1	16.1	15.6	16.6	18.8	21.8	17.1
Production occupations	7.0	6.7	6.4	7.1	5.7	8.5	7.7
Transportation and material moving occupations	11.1	9.3	9.2	9.5	13.1	13.3	9.5
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)	1,184	844	480	364	70	271	68,761
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	50.4	49.9	49.0	51.1	58.0	50.0	43.6
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	19.2	16.9	17.3	16.4	24.1	24.9	15.6
Professional and related occupations	31.2	33.0	31.7	34.7	33.9	25.1	28.0
Service occupations	15.1	16.1	18.6	12.8	10.5	13.1	21.2
Sales and office occupations	27.7	27.4	26.3	28.8	25.0	29.7	28.8
Sales and related occupations	8.5	8.6	9.6	7.3	8.2	8.2	10.7
Office and administrative support occupations	19.3	18.8	16.7	21.6	16.8	21.5	18.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	1.5	1.6	1.4	2.0	1.8	1.0	0.9
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.0	0.3
Construction and extraction occupations	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.9	0.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	0.7	0.9	0.7	1.1	0.9	0.1	0.2
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	5.3	5.0	4.8	5.3	4.8	6.3	5.6
Production occupations	2.2	2.0	2.2	1.7	2.8	2.7	3.4
Transportation and material moving occupations	3.1	3.0	2.6	3.6	2.0	3.5	2.1
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2016 annual averages [Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex	Veterans						Non- veterans
	Total	Gulf War era			WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	Other service periods
		Total	Gulf War era II	Gulf War era I
TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	10,129	5,610	3,013	2,597	2,025	2,494	139,560
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	1.8	0.5	0.6	0.5	4.9	1.9	1.6
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.3	1.5	0.7	1.0
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	1.0	0.1	0.1	0.2	3.3	1.3	0.5
Nonagricultural industries	98.2	99.5	99.4	99.5	95.1	98.1	98.4
Wage and salary workers(2)	91.9	96.0	96.2	95.7	81.2	91.4	92.6
Private industries	70.1	69.9	68.0	72.2	67.4	72.5	79.3
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.5
Construction	5.8	5.4	4.8	6.1	5.5	7.0	5.5
Manufacturing	12.7	12.3	10.7	14.2	10.5	15.3	9.8
Wholesale trade	2.6	2.4	2.1	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.3
Retail trade	8.2	7.8	8.7	6.6	9.3	8.2	10.4
Transportation and utilities	7.4	7.2	6.5	8.1	6.8	8.4	4.0
Information	1.8	2.0	1.7	2.3	1.3	1.7	1.7
Financial activities	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.9	5.6	4.2	6.4
Professional and business services	10.8	11.5	11.8	11.1	9.9	9.9	10.5
Education and health services	8.2	8.6	8.3	8.9	7.8	7.5	15.5
Leisure and hospitality	3.4	3.6	4.4	2.6	3.7	2.7	8.5
Other services	3.5	3.2	2.9	3.6	3.6	3.9	4.2
Government	21.8	26.1	28.2	23.6	13.8	18.8	13.3
Federal	10.0	13.2	15.7	10.4	4.3	7.3	2.0
State	4.9	5.3	5.3	5.3	3.6	4.9	4.7
Local	7.0	7.5	7.3	7.9	5.9	6.6	6.6
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	6.3	3.5	3.2	3.8	13.9	6.6	5.8
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	8,944	4,766	2,533	2,233	1,955	2,224	70,799
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	1.9	0.6	0.6	0.5	5.0	2.2	2.3
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.8	0.4	0.5	0.3	1.6	0.8	1.6
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	1.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	3.4	1.4	0.7
Nonagricultural industries	98.1	99.4	99.4	99.5	95.0	97.8	97.7
Wage and salary workers(2)	91.4	95.9	96.1	95.6	80.9	91.0	91.0
Private industries	70.6	70.6	68.7	72.9	67.5	73.4	80.9
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.8
Construction	6.4	6.2	5.6	6.9	5.7	7.5	9.7
Manufacturing	13.7	13.7	12.2	15.4	10.7	16.3	13.3
Wholesale trade	2.7	2.5	2.2	2.9	2.6	3.1	3.1
Retail trade	8.1	7.6	8.7	6.4	9.3	8.3	10.3
Transportation and utilities	8.0	7.9	7.2	8.8	7.0	9.1	5.9
Information	1.9	2.2	2.0	2.4	1.3	1.7	2.0
Financial activities	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.6	5.7	4.0	5.6
Professional and business services	11.2	12.1	12.3	11.8	10.0	10.3	11.6
Education and health services	6.3	6.2	5.8	6.6	7.1	5.9	6.7
Leisure and hospitality	3.2	3.3	4.1	2.5	3.7	2.6	8.0
Other services	3.4	3.2	2.9	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8
Government	20.7	25.2	27.4	22.7	13.5	17.5	10.1
Federal	9.2	12.7	15.2	10.0	3.9	6.5	1.8
State	4.5	5.0	5.2	4.7	3.6	4.5	3.4
Local	7.0	7.5	7.1	8.0	6.0	6.6	4.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	6.7	3.6	3.3	3.9	14.0	6.8	6.7
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	1,184	844	480	364	70	271	68,761
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.2	1.6	0.2	0.9
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.7	0.1	0.5
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.9	0.1	0.3
Nonagricultural industries	99.6	99.6	99.5	99.8	98.4	99.8	99.1
Wage and salary workers(2)	95.7	96.7	96.8	96.5	87.9	94.5	94.2
Private industries	65.7	65.8	64.5	67.7	65.6	65.1	77.7
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.5	0.1
Construction	1.4	0.9	0.7	1.2	0.0	3.3	1.1
Manufacturing	5.1	4.7	3.2	6.7	3.9	6.7	6.2
Wholesale trade	1.6	1.7	1.5	2.0	4.5	0.7	1.5
Retail trade	8.5	8.7	9.1	8.0	10.2	7.7	10.5
Transportation and utilities	3.0	3.1	2.5	3.9	2.0	3.0	2.0
Information	1.0	0.9	0.5	1.3	0.2	1.6	1.4
Financial activities	6.6	7.0	7.2	6.7	3.6	6.0	7.2
Professional and business services	7.9	8.1	8.8	7.2	9.5	6.6	9.4
Education and health services	22.1	22.3	21.6	23.2	27.0	20.3	24.6
Leisure and hospitality	4.7	5.1	6.2	3.5	3.8	3.7	9.0
Other services	3.6	3.3	3.0	3.6	0.9	5.1	4.7
Government	30.0	30.9	32.4	28.8	22.3	29.4	16.5
Federal	15.6	16.1	18.5	13.1	14.5	14.0	2.1
State	7.2	7.1	5.9	8.7	3.9	8.3	6.0
Local	7.3	7.6	8.1	7.0	3.9	7.1	8.4
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	3.8	2.9	2.6	3.3	10.5	4.9	4.8
Footnotes (1) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately. (2) Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	20,895	10,581	50.6	10,129	48.5	453	4.3	10,314
Alabama	401	207	51.5	197	49.0	10	4.9	194
Alaska	72	44	61.7	43	60.0	1	2.7	27
Arizona	511	232	45.4	223	43.6	9	3.9	279
Arkansas	235	106	45.0	102	43.6	3	3.1	129
California	1,839	935	50.8	885	48.1	50	5.4	904
Colorado	390	196	50.3	189	48.4	8	3.9	194
Connecticut	204	104	50.8	99	48.6	5	4.4	101
Delaware	75	35	46.6	34	44.7	1	4.1	40
District of Columbia	32	18	56.9	17	52.6	1	7.6	14
Florida	1,652	792	47.9	758	45.9	33	4.2	860
Georgia	723	396	54.7	382	52.8	14	3.5	327
Hawaii	110	57	52.4	56	51.3	1	2.2	52
Idaho	120	58	48.5	56	46.8	2	3.6	62
Illinois	665	332	49.9	310	46.6	22	6.7	333
Indiana	467	251	53.6	246	52.6	5	1.8	217
Iowa	228	119	52.3	114	50.1	5	4.2	109
Kansas	175	87	50.0	83	47.4	5	5.2	88
Kentucky	278	125	44.9	120	43.1	5	3.9	153
Louisiana	321	162	50.5	154	48.0	8	5.0	159
Maine	127	65	51.3	63	49.7	2	3.1	62
Maryland	457	280	61.3	269	59.0	11	3.8	177
Massachusetts	372	166	44.6	158	42.6	8	4.6	206
Michigan	558	244	43.7	236	42.3	8	3.2	314
Minnesota	351	166	47.2	156	44.4	10	5.8	186
Mississippi	207	99	47.6	94	45.4	5	4.6	108
Missouri	455	235	51.5	227	49.9	7	3.2	221
Montana	105	52	49.6	50	47.5	2	4.4	53
Nebraska	128	66	52.1	64	50.0	3	4.1	61
Nevada	243	130	53.5	125	51.3	5	4.0	113
New Hampshire	115	63	55.3	62	54.1	1	2.1	51
New Jersey	369	166	44.9	158	42.7	8	4.9	204
New Mexico	172	84	48.7	81	47.0	3	3.6	88
New York	798	355	44.4	335	41.9	20	5.6	443
North Carolina	729	397	54.5	379	52.0	18	4.5	332
North Dakota	52	30	57.6	29	55.4	1	3.9	22
Ohio	823	404	49.0	387	47.0	17	4.2	419
Oklahoma	316	164	52.0	157	49.7	7	4.5	152
Oregon	323	151	46.8	142	43.8	9	6.3	172
Pennsylvania	876	421	48.1	400	45.6	22	5.2	454
Rhode Island	66	28	42.0	27	40.5	1	3.7	38
South Carolina	403	201	49.8	191	47.3	10	5.0	202
South Dakota	77	45	58.3	44	56.8	1	2.6	32
Tennessee	506	246	48.7	238	46.9	9	3.6	260
Texas	1,698	964	56.7	929	54.7	35	3.6	735
Utah	158	89	56.6	87	55.3	2	2.3	69
Vermont	46	23	50.8	23	49.7	1	2.2	23
Virginia	782	476	60.8	460	58.8	16	3.4	306
Washington	513	232	45.2	223	43.5	9	3.8	281
West Virginia	153	65	42.9	62	40.8	3	4.8	87
Wisconsin	369	191	51.8	182	49.2	10	5.0	178
Wyoming	51	28	54.8	27	52.1	1	5.1	23
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	223,649	146,479	65.5	139,560	62.4	6,919	4.7	77,170
Alabama	3,301	1,952	59.1	1,835	55.6	116	6.0	1,349
Alaska	455	312	68.5	291	63.9	21	6.8	143
Arizona	4,655	2,961	63.6	2,811	60.4	150	5.1	1,694
Arkansas	1,998	1,230	61.6	1,183	59.2	47	3.8	768
California	27,874	18,051	64.8	17,103	61.4	948	5.3	9,823
Colorado	3,813	2,676	70.2	2,592	68.0	84	3.1	1,137
Connecticut	2,548	1,762	69.1	1,673	65.6	89	5.1	786
Delaware	660	434	65.8	416	63.0	18	4.2	226
District of Columbia	518	374	72.3	352	68.1	22	5.9	143
Florida	14,427	8,901	61.7	8,479	58.8	422	4.7	5,527
Georgia	6,910	4,508	65.2	4,268	61.8	240	5.3	2,402
Hawaii	960	630	65.6	611	63.6	19	3.1	330
Idaho	1,099	738	67.2	710	64.6	28	3.8	361
Illinois	9,007	6,131	68.1	5,792	64.3	339	5.5	2,876
Indiana	4,521	3,050	67.5	2,915	64.5	135	4.4	1,471
Iowa	2,148	1,563	72.8	1,503	70.0	60	3.8	585
Kansas	1,944	1,369	70.4	1,313	67.6	56	4.1	575
Kentucky	3,056	1,849	60.5	1,759	57.5	90	4.9	1,208
Louisiana	3,152	1,952	61.9	1,832	58.1	120	6.2	1,199
Maine	939	618	65.8	595	63.4	23	3.8	321
Maryland	4,134	2,883	69.7	2,766	66.9	117	4.1	1,251
Massachusetts	4,985	3,370	67.6	3,249	65.2	121	3.6	1,615
Michigan	7,069	4,517	63.9	4,303	60.9	214	4.7	2,552
Minnesota	3,789	2,734	72.2	2,634	69.5	100	3.7	1,055
Mississippi	1,991	1,174	58.9	1,107	55.6	66	5.7	818
Missouri	4,150	2,854	68.8	2,733	65.9	121	4.2	1,296
Montana	694	462	66.6	444	63.9	19	4.0	232
Nebraska	1,271	923	72.6	894	70.3	30	3.2	348
Nevada	1,981	1,274	64.3	1,201	60.6	73	5.7	708
New Hampshire	937	674	71.9	656	70.1	18	2.6	263
New Jersey	6,493	4,312	66.4	4,104	63.2	208	4.8	2,181
New Mexico	1,382	843	61.0	785	56.8	58	6.8	539
New York	14,526	9,117	62.8	8,693	59.8	424	4.6	5,409
North Carolina	6,909	4,429	64.1	4,214	61.0	215	4.9	2,480
North Dakota	528	394	74.7	381	72.3	13	3.2	134
Ohio	8,013	5,223	65.2	4,979	62.1	244	4.7	2,790
Oklahoma	2,593	1,655	63.8	1,572	60.6	83	5.0	938
Oregon	2,841	1,888	66.5	1,801	63.4	87	4.6	953
Pennsylvania	9,043	5,969	66.0	5,649	62.5	320	5.4	3,073
Rhode Island	765	513	67.1	487	63.6	27	5.2	251
South Carolina	3,358	2,094	62.4	1,996	59.4	98	4.7	1,264
South Dakota	557	399	71.7	389	69.8	11	2.6	158
Tennessee	4,567	2,872	62.9	2,740	60.0	132	4.6	1,695
Texas	18,429	12,233	66.4	11,688	63.4	544	4.5	6,196
Utah	1,934	1,376	71.1	1,327	68.6	49	3.5	558
Vermont	451	315	69.9	305	67.7	10	3.2	136
Virginia	5,585	3,727	66.7	3,580	64.1	147	4.0	1,858
Washington	4,987	3,348	67.1	3,175	63.7	174	5.2	1,639
West Virginia	1,281	716	55.9	674	52.6	43	5.9	565
Wisconsin	4,033	2,858	70.9	2,744	68.0	114	4.0	1,175
Wyoming	386	270	70.1	256	66.4	14	5.2	115
NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2016, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex	Civilian noninstitutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total	20,857	10,375	49.7	9,897	47.5	477	4.6	10,482
With service-connected disability	4,564	2,119	46.4	2,018	44.2	101	4.8	2,445
Less than 30 percent disability rating	1,370	750	54.7	717	52.4	33	4.4	620
30 to 50 percent disability rating	1,082	666	61.5	631	58.3	35	5.2	417
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,707	509	29.9	490	28.7	19	3.8	1,197
Disability rating not reported	406	195	48.0	180	44.4	14	7.3	211
Without service-connected disability	15,579	7,897	50.7	7,529	48.3	368	4.7	7,682
Presence of disability not reported	714	358	50.2	350	49.0	9	2.4	355
Gulf War era, total
Total	7,277	5,929	81.5	5,632	77.4	297	5.0	1,348
With service-connected disability	2,303	1,641	71.3	1,554	67.5	88	5.3	661
Less than 30 percent disability rating	621	527	84.9	500	80.4	27	5.2	94
30 to 50 percent disability rating	621	512	82.5	486	78.2	26	5.2	109
60 percent or higher disability rating	853	456	53.5	437	51.2	19	4.3	397
Disability rating not reported	208	146	70.3	132	63.4	14	9.8	62
Without service-connected disability	4,690	4,064	86.7	3,864	82.4	201	4.9	626
Presence of disability not reported	284	223	78.5	215	75.5	9	3.9	61
Gulf War era II
Total	3,860	3,188	82.6	3,015	78.1	173	5.4	672
With service-connected disability	1,402	1,065	76.0	1,008	71.9	57	5.4	337
Less than 30 percent disability rating	310	272	87.6	261	84.1	11	4.0	38
30 to 50 percent disability rating	417	361	86.6	349	83.5	13	3.5	56
60 percent or higher disability rating	570	361	63.4	342	60.0	19	5.4	208
Disability rating not reported	105	71	67.6	56	53.9	14	-	34
Without service-connected disability	2,280	1,974	86.6	1,861	81.6	112	5.7	306
Presence of disability not reported	178	149	83.7	145	81.7	4	2.4	29
Gulf War era I
Total	3,417	2,741	80.2	2,617	76.6	124	4.5	676
With service-connected disability	901	576	64.0	546	60.6	30	5.3	324
Less than 30 percent disability rating	311	255	82.1	239	76.8	16	6.5	56
30 to 50 percent disability rating	203	151	74.0	137	67.2	14	9.2	53
60 percent or higher disability rating	283	95	33.5	95	33.5	-	-	188
Disability rating not reported	103	75	73.0	75	73.0	-	-	28
Without service-connected disability	2,410	2,091	86.7	2,002	83.1	88	4.2	319
Presence of disability not reported	106	75	70.0	69	65.1	5	6.9	32
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	8,439	1,942	23.0	1,870	22.2	72	3.7	6,497
With service-connected disability	1,593	225	14.1	217	13.6	8	3.7	1,368
Less than 30 percent disability rating	529	114	21.5	113	21.4	0	0.2	416
30 to 50 percent disability rating	305	69	22.5	60	19.8	8	-	236
60 percent or higher disability rating	631	21	3.3	21	3.3	-	-	610
Disability rating not reported	127	22	17.1	22	17.1	-	-	106
Without service-connected disability	6,579	1,666	25.3	1,602	24.3	64	3.8	4,913
Presence of disability not reported	268	51	19.2	51	19.2	0	-	216
Other service periods
Total	5,141	2,504	48.7	2,396	46.6	108	4.3	2,637
With service-connected disability	669	253	37.8	248	37.1	5	2.0	416
Less than 30 percent disability rating	219	109	49.8	104	47.6	5	4.5	110
30 to 50 percent disability rating	156	85	54.3	85	54.3	-	-	72
60 percent or higher disability rating	223	32	14.4	32	14.4	-	-	191
Disability rating not reported	70	27	-	27	-	-	-	44
Without service-connected disability	4,310	2,167	50.3	2,064	47.9	103	4.8	2,143
Presence of disability not reported	162	84	51.7	84	51.7	0	0.0	78
MEN VETERANS
Total	18,842	9,129	48.4	8,749	46.4	380	4.2	9,713
With service-connected disability	4,063	1,862	45.8	1,793	44.1	70	3.8	2,200
Less than 30 percent disability rating	1,213	663	54.7	630	52.0	33	4.9	550
30 to 50 percent disability rating	978	599	61.2	577	59.0	21	3.5	379
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,506	432	28.7	424	28.2	8	1.8	1,074
Disability rating not reported	366	168	46.1	160	43.9	8	4.8	197
Without service-connected disability	14,161	6,974	49.2	6,668	47.1	306	4.4	7,187
Presence of disability not reported	618	292	47.3	289	46.7	4	1.2	326
Gulf War era, total
Total	6,075	5,029	82.8	4,807	79.1	221	4.4	1,046
With service-connected disability	1,934	1,402	72.5	1,342	69.4	61	4.3	531
Less than 30 percent disability rating	512	446	87.1	418	81.8	27	6.2	66
30 to 50 percent disability rating	537	454	84.6	437	81.4	17	3.8	83
60 percent or higher disability rating	713	383	53.7	375	52.6	8	2.1	330
Disability rating not reported	173	120	69.5	112	64.9	8	6.7	53
Without service-connected disability	3,921	3,450	88.0	3,293	84.0	157	4.6	471
Presence of disability not reported	221	176	79.8	173	78.2	4	2.0	45
Gulf War era II
Total	3,198	2,692	84.2	2,565	80.2	127	4.7	506
With service-connected disability	1,175	916	77.9	885	75.3	30	3.3	260
Less than 30 percent disability rating	246	227	92.3	216	87.9	11	4.8	19
30 to 50 percent disability rating	362	325	89.9	322	89.0	3	1.1	37
60 percent or higher disability rating	483	306	63.3	298	61.7	8	2.6	177
Disability rating not reported	85	58	68.1	50	58.6	8	-	27
Without service-connected disability	1,885	1,657	87.9	1,565	83.0	93	5.6	227
Presence of disability not reported	138	119	86.0	115	83.5	4	3.0	19
Gulf War era I
Total	2,877	2,337	81.2	2,242	77.9	95	4.1	540
With service-connected disability	758	487	64.2	456	60.2	30	6.2	271
Less than 30 percent disability rating	265	218	82.3	202	76.1	16	7.5	47
30 to 50 percent disability rating	175	129	73.6	115	65.7	14	10.7	46
60 percent or higher disability rating	230	77	33.5	77	33.5	-	-	153
Disability rating not reported	88	62	71.0	62	71.0	-	-	26
Without service-connected disability	2,036	1,793	88.0	1,728	84.9	65	3.6	243
Presence of disability not reported	83	57	69.4	57	69.4	0	-	25
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	8,137	1,857	22.8	1,790	22.0	67	3.6	6,280
With service-connected disability	1,551	212	13.7	208	13.4	4	2.0	1,339
Less than 30 percent disability rating	517	109	21.2	109	21.1	0	0.2	407
30 to 50 percent disability rating	293	60	20.4	56	19.0	4	-	233
60 percent or higher disability rating	614	21	3.4	21	3.4	-	-	593
Disability rating not reported	127	22	17.1	22	17.1	-	-	106
Without service-connected disability	6,329	1,602	25.3	1,540	24.3	63	3.9	4,727
Presence of disability not reported	257	43	16.8	43	16.8	0	-	214
Other service periods
Total	4,630	2,243	48.4	2,152	46.5	91	4.1	2,387
With service-connected disability	578	248	42.9	243	42.1	5	2.0	330
Less than 30 percent disability rating	185	108	58.5	103	55.8	5	4.6	77
30 to 50 percent disability rating	148	85	57.3	85	57.3	-	-	63
60 percent or higher disability rating	180	29	16.0	29	16.0	-	-	151
Disability rating not reported	66	27	-	27	-	-	-	39
Without service-connected disability	3,911	1,922	49.1	1,835	46.9	86	4.5	1,990
Presence of disability not reported	140	73	52.1	73	52.1	0	-	67
WOMEN VETERANS
Total	2,015	1,246	61.8	1,149	57.0	97	7.8	769
With service-connected disability	501	257	51.2	226	45.1	31	12.1	244
Less than 30 percent disability rating	157	87	55.3	87	55.3	-	-	70
30 to 50 percent disability rating	104	67	64.2	54	51.4	13	-	37
60 percent or higher disability rating	200	77	38.5	66	32.8	11	14.9	123
Disability rating not reported	40	26	-	20	-	6	-	14
Without service-connected disability	1,418	923	65.1	862	60.8	61	6.6	495
Presence of disability not reported	96	66	69.0	61	63.6	5	-	30
Gulf War era, total
Total	1,202	900	74.9	825	68.6	75	8.4	302
With service-connected disability	369	239	64.8	212	57.5	27	11.3	130
Without service-connected disability	769	614	79.8	571	74.2	43	7.1	155
Presence of disability not reported	64	47	-	42	-	5	-	16
Gulf War era II
Total	662	496	74.9	450	67.9	47	9.4	166
With service-connected disability	227	150	66.1	123	54.2	27	18.0	77
Without service-connected disability	395	316	80.0	297	75.0	20	6.2	79
Presence of disability not reported	40	30	-	30	-	0	-	10
Gulf War era I
Total	540	404	74.9	375	69.5	29	7.2	136
With service-connected disability	142	89	62.7	89	62.7	-	-	53
Without service-connected disability	374	298	79.7	274	73.3	24	8.0	76
Presence of disability not reported	24	17	-	12	-	5	-	7
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	302	85	28.1	80	26.3	5	6.3	217
With service-connected disability	41	13	-	9	-	4	-	28
Without service-connected disability	250	63	25.4	62	24.9	1	-	186
Presence of disability not reported	11	8	-	8	-	-	-	2
Other service periods
Total	511	261	51.0	244	47.7	17	6.4	250
With service-connected disability	91	5	5.2	5	5.2	-	-	86
Without service-connected disability	399	245	61.5	229	57.3	17	6.8	153
Presence of disability not reported	21	11	-	11	-	-	-	11
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of worker, August 2016, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of disability, and period of service	Total employed (thousands)	Percent distribution by class of worker
		Total	Agriculture and related industries	Nonagricultural industries
				Total	Wage and salary workers(1)				Self- employed, unincor- porated, and unpaid family workers
					Private sector	Government
						Total	Federal	State and local
Veterans, total(2)	9,897	100.0	1.5	98.5	70.8	21.3	9.5	11.8	6.3
With service-connected disability	2,018	100.0	1.4	98.6	63.1	30.9	20.0	10.9	4.6
Without service-connected disability	7,529	100.0	1.6	98.4	72.8	18.7	6.7	12.1	6.9
Gulf War era, total(2)	5,632	100.0	0.2	99.8	71.2	25.3	12.4	12.9	3.4
With service-connected disability	1,554	100.0	0.0	100.0	64.6	32.2	21.9	10.3	3.2
Without service-connected disability	3,864	100.0	0.3	99.7	73.9	22.4	8.3	14.1	3.4
Gulf War era II(2)	3,015	100.0	0.1	99.9	69.2	27.5	13.9	13.7	3.1
With service-connected disability	1,008	100.0	0.0	100.0	64.6	32.7	20.8	11.9	2.7
Without service-connected disability	1,861	100.0	0.2	99.8	71.7	24.8	9.9	15.0	3.2
Gulf War era I(2)	2,617	100.0	0.2	99.8	73.4	22.7	10.6	12.1	3.6
With service-connected disability	546	100.0	-	100.0	64.6	31.4	24.1	7.3	4.0
Without service-connected disability	2,002	100.0	0.3	99.7	75.9	20.1	6.9	13.2	3.6
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era(2)	1,870	100.0	5.0	95.0	66.9	12.8	4.3	8.5	15.3
With service-connected disability	217	100.0	10.9	89.1	56.8	19.9	9.4	10.5	12.4
Without service-connected disability	1,602	100.0	4.4	95.6	67.9	11.6	3.7	7.9	16.1
Other service periods(2)	2,396	100.0	1.9	98.1	73.1	18.7	7.0	11.7	6.3
With service-connected disability	248	100.0	1.9	98.1	59.4	32.1	16.8	15.3	6.5
Without service-connected disability	2,064	100.0	1.8	98.2	74.7	17.5	5.9	11.5	6.1
Nonveterans	139,822	100.0	1.8	98.1	79.5	12.9	1.9	10.9	5.7
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release.

Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2016, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard status	Civilian noninstitutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS
Gulf War era, total
Total	7,277	5,929	81.5	5,632	77.4	297	5.0	1,348
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	2,482	2,075	83.6	1,992	80.3	83	4.0	407
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	4,530	3,651	80.6	3,445	76.0	206	5.6	879
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	265	204	76.9	195	73.6	9	4.2	61
Gulf War era II
Total	3,860	3,188	82.6	3,015	78.1	173	5.4	672
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	1,409	1,231	87.4	1,174	83.3	57	4.6	178
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	2,290	1,831	79.9	1,718	75.0	113	6.2	459
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	160	126	78.5	122	76.3	4	2.8	35
Gulf War era I
Total	3,417	2,741	80.2	2,617	76.6	124	4.5	676
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	1,073	843	78.6	818	76.2	26	3.0	229
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	2,239	1,819	81.3	1,726	77.1	93	5.1	420
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	105	78	74.4	73	69.5	5	6.6	27
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty.

Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2016, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and location	Civilian noninstitutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Number	Rate
Total, Gulf War-era II veterans	3,860	3,188	82.6	3,015	78.1	173	5.4	672
Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both(1)	1,846	1,531	83.0	1,458	79.0	73	4.8	314
Served in Iraq(2)	1,481	1,243	83.9	1,194	80.6	49	3.9	238
Served in Afghanistan(3)	974	774	79.5	738	75.8	36	4.7	200
Served in both locations(4)	609	486	79.7	474	77.8	12	2.4	124
Served elsewhere	2,014	1,656	82.2	1,557	77.3	100	6.0	358
(1) Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes veterans who served in both countries. (2) Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan. (3) Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq. (4) Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001.