For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 22, 2018                       USDL-18-0453

Technical information: (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                            EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS -- 2017


The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces
at any time since September 2001--a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans--
edged down to 4.5 percent in 2017, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
The jobless rate for all veterans declined from 4.3 percent to 3.7 percent in 2017.
About 41 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a service-connected disability in
August 2017, compared with 24 percent of all veterans.

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly
sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides data on employment and
unemployment in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the
CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2017 annual averages presented in this
news release. In August 2017, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information
about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' current or
past Reserve or National Guard membership. Information from the supplement is also
presented in this release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and
Training Service. For more information, see the Technical Note, which provides
definitions of terms used in this release.

Highlights from the 2017 data:

   --The unemployment rate for male veterans (3.6 percent) declined over the year,
     and the rate for female veterans (4.1 percent) changed little in 2017. The
     unemployment rate for male veterans was not statistically different from the
     rate for female veterans. (See table A.)

   --Among the 370,000 unemployed veterans in 2017, 59 percent were age 25 to 54,
     37 percent were age 55 and over, and 4 percent were age 18 to 24. (See
     table 2A.)

   --Veterans with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 4.3
     percent in August 2017, little different from veterans with no disability
     (4.5 percent). (See table 7.)

   --About 1 in 3 employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in
     the public sector in August 2017, compared with about 1 in 5 veterans with no
     disability. (See table 8.)

   --In 2017, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging
     from 1.7 percent in Maine and Vermont to 7.3 percent in Rhode Island. (See
     table 6A.)

The Veteran Population

In 2017, 20.4 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 8 percent of
the civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. About 10 percent of all
veterans were women. In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have
previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at
the time these data were collected. Veterans are more likely to be men than were
nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In part, this reflects the characteristics
of veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all
of whom are now over 60 years old. Veterans who served during these wartime periods
accounted for 39 percent (8.1 million) of the total veteran population in 2017.
Thirty-six percent of veterans (7.4 million) served during Gulf War era I (August 1990
to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 forward). About a quarter (4.9
million) served outside the designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Gulf War-era II Veterans

In 2017, there were 4.1 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II
(September 2001 forward). Seventeen percent of these veterans were women, compared 
with about 4 percent of veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam
era. Seventy percent of all Gulf War-era II veterans were between the ages of 25 and
44. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men was not statistically
different from the rate for women in 2017. The unemployment rate for men edged down
to 4.3 percent in 2017. The rate for women, at 5.5 percent, was essentially unchanged
from the prior year. (See table A.)

In 2017, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 4.3 percent, was
the same as the rate for male nonveterans. Among men age 25 to 34, Gulf War-era II
veterans had a higher unemployment rate (6.0 percent) than did nonveterans (4.5
percent). Among men age 45 to 54, however, Gulf War-era II veterans had a lower
unemployment rate (1.5 percent) than did nonveterans (3.1 percent). (See table 2B.)

Among women, the unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans (5.5 percent) was
higher than the rate for nonveterans (4.1 percent) in 2017. By age, unemployment
rates for female veterans and nonveterans were similar, with one exception: 25- to
34-year-old female veterans had a rate of 8.0 percent, higher than the rate of 4.5
percent for their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public
sector in 2017 as employed nonveterans--27 percent and 13 percent, respectively.
Among the employed, 15 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal
government, compared with 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 5.)

In August 2017, 47 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq,
Afghanistan, or both locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 4.4
percent, little different from Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere
(4.5 percent). (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

Of the 3.3 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August
2001), the proportion who were women (15 percent in 2017) was similar to that of
Gulf War-era II veterans (17 percent). Nearly all (99 percent) Gulf War-era I
veterans were age 35 and over in 2017, compared with 54 percent of Gulf War-era II
veterans. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

In 2017, the unemployment rates for male and female Gulf War-era I veterans were
3.0 percent and 3.4 percent, respectively, lower than the rates for their Gulf
War-era II veteran counterparts (4.3 percent and 5.5 percent). The difference in
unemployment rates reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans who
served during Gulf War era I. Younger people--whether veterans or nonveterans--tend
to have higher unemployment rates than older people. (See tables 2B and 2C.)

Veterans of Other Service Periods

In 2017, 4.9 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service
periods," mainly between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam
era and Gulf War era I. All veterans from this period of service were 45 years or
older at the time of the survey. Twenty-two percent of these veterans were age 45
to 54 in 2017, another 39 percent were age 55 to 64, and another 39 percent were
age 65 and over. (See table 2A.)

In 2017, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. Among veterans of
other service periods, the unemployment rate for men (3.2 percent) was little
different than the rate for women (2.7 percent). (See table 1.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2017, about 4.9 million veterans, or 24 percent of the total, had a service-
connected disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a
disability rating by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of
Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points,
depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 7.)

The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability was 4.3 percent
in August 2017, little different than the rate for veterans with no disability (4.5
percent). The labor force participation rate for veterans with a service-connected
disability (48.4 percent) was not statistically different than the rate for veterans
with no disability (49.2 percent).

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 28 percent reported a disability
rating of less than 30 percent, while another 41 percent had a rating of 60 percent
or higher. In August 2017, veterans with a service-connected disability rating of
less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with
a rating of 60 percent or higher (53.5 percent and 37.7 percent, respectively). The
unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was
3.3 percent, not statistically different than for those with a disability rating of
60 percent or higher (4.8 percent).

Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 41 percent (1.7 million) reported
a service-connected disability and nearly half of these veterans had a service-
connected disability rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2017, 75.8 percent of
all Gulf War era II veterans with a service-connected disability were in the labor
force, lower than the 85.5 percent for veterans from this period with no service-
connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for
those with a service-connected disability was 3.9 percent, not statistically
different from those with no disability (4.8 percent).

In August 2017, 28 percent (946,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I
reported a service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate was
lower (65.6 percent) than the rate for veterans from the era who did not have a
disability (85.9 percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans with a
service-connected disability (4.3 percent) was not statistically different than that
for Gulf War-era I veterans without a service-connected disability (2.8 percent).

Among the 1.7 million veterans with a service-connected disability from World War II,
the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, 15.4 percent were in the labor force in August
2017, lower than the 23.1 percent of veterans from these periods who did not have a
service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of veterans from these wartime
periods with a service-connected disability was 3.9 percent, lower than their
counterparts with no disability (7.9 percent).

Thirteen percent (633,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported
a service-connected disability in August 2017. The labor force participation rate of
these veterans (38.6 percent) was lower than their counterparts without a service-
connected disability (48.3 percent), while the unemployment rate was not statistically
different for veterans with a service-connected disability (6.7 percent) and those with
no disability (3.6 percent).

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability
worked in the public sector. In August 2017, 33 percent of employed veterans with a
disability worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 19 percent of
veterans with no disability and 13 percent of nonveterans. Nineteen percent of employed
veterans with a disability worked for the federal government, compared with 7 percent
of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2017, about one-third of Gulf War-era veterans (August 1990 to present) were
current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Labor force participation
rates were higher for veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or
National Guard (82.4 percent), compared with veterans who were never members (79.4
percent). Among Gulf War-era veterans, those who were current or past members of the
Reserve or National Guard had a lower unemployment rate than those who had never been
members (2.5 percent and 4.5 percent, respectively). (See table 9.)


   _____________________________________________________________________________
  |                                                                             |
  |                Adjustments to Veteran Population Estimates                  |
  |                                                                             |
  |Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate    |
  |population controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs   |
  |population model. In accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise      |
  |estimates for previous years. Information about the updated veteran          |
  |population model is available from the Department of Veterans Affairs at     |
  |www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetpop_Model/Vetpop16_Overview.pdf. |
  |_____________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, 2016-2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service	2016			2017
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
TOTAL VETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population	20,895	18,881	2,014	20,387	18,387	2,000
Civilian labor force	10,581	9,334	1,247	10,125	8,934	1,191
Participation rate	50.6	49.4	61.9	49.7	48.6	59.6
Employed	10,129	8,944	1,184	9,755	8,613	1,142
Employment-population ratio	48.5	47.4	58.8	47.8	46.8	57.1
Unemployed	453	390	63	370	321	49
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.2	5.0	3.7	3.6	4.1
Not in labor force	10,314	9,547	767	10,262	9,454	808
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,896	3,207	689	4,116	3,400	716
Civilian labor force	3,174	2,666	508	3,318	2,819	498
Participation rate	81.5	83.1	73.7	80.6	82.9	69.6
Employed	3,013	2,533	480	3,169	2,698	471
Employment-population ratio	77.3	79.0	69.6	77.0	79.4	65.7
Unemployed	161	133	28	149	121	28
Unemployment rate	5.1	5.0	5.6	4.5	4.3	5.5
Not in labor force	722	541	181	798	580	218
NONVETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population	223,649	99,107	124,541	225,619	100,301	125,318
Civilian labor force	146,479	74,393	72,086	147,957	75,154	72,803
Participation rate	65.5	75.1	57.9	65.6	74.9	58.1
Employed	139,560	70,799	68,761	141,692	71,907	69,785
Employment-population ratio	62.4	71.4	55.2	62.8	71.7	55.7
Unemployed	6,919	3,594	3,325	6,265	3,248	3,018
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.2	4.3	4.1
Not in labor force	77,170	24,714	52,455	77,662	25,147	52,515
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Technical Note

   The data in this release were collected through the Current Population Survey
(CPS). The CPS--a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by
the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--obtains information
on employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional
population age 16 and over.

   Most of the data in this release are annual averages for 2017, compiled from the
results of the monthly survey. In August 2017, a supplement to the CPS collected
additional information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability,
veterans' Reserve or National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or
Afghanistan. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training
Service. Questions were asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their
prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated for persons 18 years of
age and older.

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals
upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions

   The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows:

   Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of
the Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been
called  to active duty. Persons who are on active duty at the time of the survey
are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as
are persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons.

   Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces.

   World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and
women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service,
regardless of where in the world they served. Veterans who served in more than
one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

   Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed
Forces at any time other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or
the Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts
during other service periods, these conflicts were more limited in scope and included
a smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. Veterans
who served during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are
classified in the wartime period.

   Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?"

   Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the Armed Forces, but 
not the location of their service. It is obtained from answers to the question 
asked of veterans, "When did you serve on active duty in the  U.S. Armed Forces?"

   The following service periods are identified:

      Gulf War era II -- September 2001-present
      Gulf War era I  -- August 1990-August 2001
      Vietnam era     -- August 1964-April 1975
      Korean War      -- July 1950-January 1955
      World War II    -- December 1941-December 1946
      Other service periods -- All other time periods

   Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service.
Veterans are counted only in one period of service, their most recent wartime period.
Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service definitions are modified
occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program needs of the survey
sponsors.

   Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are individuals who served in
Iraq at any time since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001,
or in both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by answers to
two questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions
over Iraq at any time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or
did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since October 2001?"

   Presence of service-connected disability is determined by answers to the question,
"Has the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) determined
that you have a service-connected disability, that is, a health condition or
impairment caused or made worse by any of your military service?"

   Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What
is your current service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to
100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined by the
VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating
Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of 
disability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result
of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent as far as can
practicably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting from
such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations." 
Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of
0 through 100 percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders.

   Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to Gulf War-era veterans who are
current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve and
National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active duty.
These data do not refer to all persons who may have ever served in the Reserve or 
National Guard. Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers to two 
questions. Gulf War-era veterans were asked: "Was any of your active service the 
result of a call-up from the Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they
were  asked, "Have you ever been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes'
response to either question classified persons as "Current or past member of the 
Reserve or National Guard." A 'no' response to the latter question classified
persons as "Never a member of the Reserve or National Guard."

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that
the sample estimates will differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as
sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on
a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population
value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent
level of confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur
for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data.

   Information about the reliability of national data from the CPS and estimating
standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

   For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates from the CPS, such as those
in tables 6A and 6B of this release, see www.bls.gov/opub/gp/gpapndb.htm.

Comparability of estimates

   Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement shown
in tables 7 through 10 of this release reflect a change in the weighting methodology.
As a result of this change, for August 2015 and later years, the estimates of the
number of veterans with a service-connected disability, veteran Reserve or National
Guard members, and veterans who served in Iraq or Afghanistan were higher than in
previous years. The supplement data presented in this release are not strictly
comparable with data for years before 2015 due to the change. See the note in the
Employment Situation of Veterans 2015 news release for more information about the
change in weighting methodology (www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/vet_03222016.pdf).

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over	246,006	158,082	64.3	151,447	61.6	6,635	4.2	87,924
Veterans	20,387	10,125	49.7	9,755	47.8	370	3.7	10,262
Gulf War era, total	7,394	5,903	79.8	5,675	76.8	228	3.9	1,491
Gulf War era II	4,116	3,318	80.6	3,169	77.0	149	4.5	798
Gulf War era I	3,279	2,585	78.9	2,507	76.4	79	3.1	693
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	8,052	1,818	22.6	1,751	21.7	67	3.7	6,234
Other service periods	4,941	2,404	48.7	2,329	47.1	75	3.1	2,537
Nonveterans	225,619	147,957	65.6	141,692	62.8	6,265	4.2	77,662
Men
Total, 18 years and over	118,688	84,088	70.8	80,520	67.8	3,568	4.2	34,600
Veterans	18,387	8,934	48.6	8,613	46.8	321	3.6	9,454
Gulf War era, total	6,175	5,035	81.5	4,848	78.5	188	3.7	1,139
Gulf War era II	3,400	2,819	82.9	2,698	79.4	121	4.3	580
Gulf War era I	2,775	2,216	79.9	2,150	77.5	66	3.0	559
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	7,764	1,758	22.6	1,693	21.8	66	3.7	6,006
Other service periods	4,449	2,140	48.1	2,073	46.6	68	3.2	2,309
Nonveterans	100,301	75,154	74.9	71,907	71.7	3,248	4.3	25,147
Women
Total, 18 years and over	127,318	73,994	58.1	70,927	55.7	3,067	4.1	53,323
Veterans	2,000	1,191	59.6	1,142	57.1	49	4.1	808
Gulf War era, total	1,220	868	71.2	828	67.9	40	4.6	352
Gulf War era II	716	498	69.6	471	65.7	28	5.5	218
Gulf War era I	504	370	73.4	357	70.9	13	3.4	134
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	288	60	20.8	58	20.2	2	2.8	228
Other service periods	492	264	53.6	256	52.1	7	2.7	228
Nonveterans	125,318	72,803	58.1	69,785	55.7	3,018	4.1	52,515
White
Total, 18 years and over	192,255	123,175	64.1	118,657	61.7	4,518	3.7	69,080
Veterans	16,867	8,122	48.2	7,846	46.5	276	3.4	8,745
Gulf War era, total	5,618	4,532	80.7	4,372	77.8	159	3.5	1,087
Gulf War era II	3,133	2,541	81.1	2,438	77.8	103	4.1	592
Gulf War era I	2,485	1,990	80.1	1,934	77.8	56	2.8	494
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	7,100	1,606	22.6	1,546	21.8	60	3.8	5,494
Other service periods	4,148	1,984	47.8	1,928	46.5	56	2.8	2,164
Nonveterans	175,388	115,053	65.6	110,810	63.2	4,243	3.7	60,336
Black or African American
Total, 18 years and over	30,970	19,900	64.3	18,459	59.6	1,442	7.2	11,070
Veterans	2,587	1,465	56.6	1,390	53.7	75	5.1	1,122
Gulf War era, total	1,286	991	77.1	937	72.9	54	5.5	295
Gulf War era II	709	559	78.9	523	73.7	37	6.5	150
Gulf War era I	577	432	74.9	414	71.8	18	4.1	145
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	684	146	21.3	141	20.6	4	3.0	538
Other service periods	617	328	53.2	312	50.5	16	5.0	289
Nonveterans	28,383	18,435	65.0	17,068	60.1	1,367	7.4	9,948
Asian
Total, 18 years and over	14,804	9,641	65.1	9,316	62.9	325	3.4	5,163
Veterans	336	202	60.1	199	59.1	3	1.6	134
Gulf War era, total	185	149	80.4	147	79.3	2	1.3	36
Gulf War era II	108	88	81.3	86	80.0	1	1.6	20
Gulf War era I	78	61	79.1	61	78.4	1	0.9	16
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	91	20	22.0	20	21.7	0	-	71
Other service periods	60	33	55.3	32	53.8	1	-	27
Nonveterans	14,468	9,439	65.2	9,117	63.0	321	3.4	5,029
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 18 years and over	39,190	26,836	68.5	25,514	65.1	1,321	4.9	12,355
Veterans	1,459	916	62.8	881	60.4	35	3.8	543
Gulf War era, total	798	642	80.4	619	77.5	23	3.6	156
Gulf War era II	527	420	79.7	403	76.5	17	4.0	107
Gulf War era I	270	222	81.9	215	79.5	6	2.9	49
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	374	103	27.5	99	26.4	4	4.0	271
Other service periods	287	171	59.7	164	57.1	8	4.4	116
Nonveterans	37,732	25,919	68.7	24,633	65.3	1,287	5.0	11,812
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	20,387	10,125	49.7	9,755	47.8	370	3.7	10,262
18 to 24 years	231	187	81.0	172	74.6	15	7.9	44
25 to 34 years	1,704	1,385	81.3	1,297	76.1	88	6.4	319
35 to 44 years	2,226	1,903	85.5	1,843	82.8	60	3.2	323
45 to 54 years	3,142	2,612	83.1	2,541	80.9	71	2.7	530
55 to 64 years	3,647	2,264	62.1	2,193	60.1	72	3.2	1,383
65 years and over	9,437	1,773	18.8	1,709	18.1	64	3.6	7,663
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	7,394	5,903	79.8	5,675	76.8	228	3.9	1,491
18 to 24 years	231	187	81.0	172	74.6	15	7.9	44
25 to 34 years	1,704	1,385	81.3	1,297	76.1	88	6.4	319
35 to 44 years	2,226	1,903	85.5	1,843	82.8	60	3.2	323
45 to 54 years	2,058	1,731	84.1	1,685	81.8	47	2.7	327
55 to 64 years	872	614	70.4	598	68.6	16	2.6	258
65 years and over	303	83	27.3	80	26.6	2	2.8	220
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	4,116	3,318	80.6	3,169	77.0	149	4.5	798
18 to 24 years	231	187	81.0	172	74.6	15	7.9	44
25 to 34 years	1,678	1,364	81.3	1,278	76.2	86	6.3	314
35 to 44 years	1,189	984	82.7	952	80.1	32	3.2	205
45 to 54 years	634	529	83.5	520	82.0	9	1.8	104
55 to 64 years	305	228	74.8	222	72.9	6	2.5	77
65 years and over	79	25	32.1	25	31.1	1	-	54
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over	3,279	2,585	78.9	2,507	76.4	79	3.1	693
25 to 34 years	26	20	-	19	-	2	-	5
35 to 44 years	1,037	920	88.7	891	85.9	28	3.1	118
45 to 54 years	1,425	1,202	84.4	1,165	81.7	37	3.1	223
55 to 64 years	567	386	68.0	376	66.2	10	2.6	182
65 years and over	224	57	25.7	56	24.9	2	2.7	166
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over	8,052	1,818	22.6	1,751	21.7	67	3.7	6,234
55 to 64 years	860	400	46.5	386	44.9	14	3.4	460
65 years and over	7,192	1,418	19.7	1,364	19.0	53	3.8	5,774
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over	4,941	2,404	48.7	2,329	47.1	75	3.1	2,537
35 to 44 years	0	0	-	0	-	0	-	0
45 to 54 years	1,084	881	81.3	857	79.1	24	2.7	203
55 to 64 years	1,915	1,250	65.3	1,208	63.1	42	3.4	664
65 years and over	1,943	273	14.0	264	13.6	9	3.1	1,670
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	225,619	147,957	65.6	141,692	62.8	6,265	4.2	77,662
18 to 24 years	28,846	18,736	65.0	17,143	59.4	1,593	8.5	10,110
25 to 34 years	42,255	34,701	82.1	33,142	78.4	1,559	4.5	7,554
35 to 44 years	37,726	31,131	82.5	30,048	79.6	1,082	3.5	6,595
45 to 54 years	38,645	30,951	80.1	29,962	77.5	990	3.2	7,694
55 to 64 years	38,046	24,637	64.8	23,872	62.7	765	3.1	13,409
65 years and over	40,102	7,801	19.5	7,525	18.8	276	3.5	32,301
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over	18,387	8,934	48.6	8,613	46.8	321	3.6	9,454
18 to 24 years	183	157	85.6	144	78.4	13	8.4	26
25 to 34 years	1,396	1,167	83.6	1,096	78.5	71	6.1	229
35 to 44 years	1,825	1,606	88.0	1,556	85.2	50	3.1	219
45 to 54 years	2,675	2,259	84.5	2,199	82.2	60	2.7	416
55 to 64 years	3,236	2,028	62.7	1,964	60.7	64	3.2	1,208
65 years and over	9,072	1,716	18.9	1,653	18.2	62	3.6	7,356
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	6,175	5,035	81.5	4,848	78.5	188	3.7	1,139
18 to 24 years	183	157	85.6	144	78.4	13	8.4	26
25 to 34 years	1,396	1,167	83.6	1,096	78.5	71	6.1	229
35 to 44 years	1,825	1,606	88.0	1,556	85.2	50	3.1	219
45 to 54 years	1,743	1,494	85.7	1,456	83.5	38	2.5	249
55 to 64 years	755	538	71.3	525	69.5	13	2.5	217
65 years and over	272	73	26.9	71	26.1	2	3.0	199
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	3,400	2,819	82.9	2,698	79.4	121	4.3	580
18 to 24 years	183	157	85.6	144	78.4	13	8.4	26
25 to 34 years	1,377	1,151	83.6	1,082	78.6	69	6.0	225
35 to 44 years	965	831	86.1	804	83.3	27	3.3	134
45 to 54 years	542	461	85.0	454	83.7	7	1.5	81
55 to 64 years	262	197	75.2	193	73.6	4	2.1	65
65 years and over	70	22	31.6	22	30.7	1	-	48
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over	2,775	2,216	79.9	2,150	77.5	66	3.0	559
25 to 34 years	19	16	-	14	-	2	-	3
35 to 44 years	860	775	90.1	752	87.4	23	3.0	85
45 to 54 years	1,201	1,033	86.0	1,002	83.4	31	3.0	168
55 to 64 years	493	341	69.2	332	67.3	9	2.7	152
65 years and over	202	51	25.2	49	24.5	2	3.1	151
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over	7,764	1,758	22.6	1,693	21.8	66	3.7	6,006
55 to 64 years	805	378	47.0	365	45.3	13	3.5	427
65 years and over	6,959	1,380	19.8	1,327	19.1	52	3.8	5,579
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over	4,449	2,140	48.1	2,073	46.6	68	3.2	2,309
35 to 44 years	0	0	-	0	-	0	-	0
45 to 54 years	932	766	82.2	743	79.8	22	2.9	166
55 to 64 years	1,676	1,112	66.3	1,074	64.1	37	3.4	564
65 years and over	1,841	263	14.3	255	13.8	8	3.0	1,578
NONVETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over	100,301	75,154	74.9	71,907	71.7	3,248	4.3	25,147
18 to 24 years	14,449	9,674	66.9	8,738	60.5	936	9.7	4,775
25 to 34 years	20,424	18,206	89.1	17,394	85.2	813	4.5	2,217
35 to 44 years	17,772	16,170	91.0	15,646	88.0	524	3.2	1,602
45 to 54 years	17,759	15,403	86.7	14,926	84.0	476	3.1	2,357
55 to 64 years	16,820	12,130	72.1	11,746	69.8	384	3.2	4,690
65 years and over	13,077	3,571	27.3	3,457	26.4	114	3.2	9,506
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over	2,000	1,191	59.6	1,142	57.1	49	4.1	808
18 to 24 years	48	30	63.5	29	60.0	2	-	17
25 to 34 years	308	218	70.7	200	65.1	17	7.9	90
35 to 44 years	401	297	74.0	287	71.6	10	3.2	104
45 to 54 years	467	353	75.5	342	73.2	11	3.0	114
55 to 64 years	411	236	57.4	228	55.5	8	3.3	175
65 years and over	365	58	15.8	56	15.3	2	3.6	307
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	1,220	868	71.2	828	67.9	40	4.6	352
18 to 24 years	48	30	63.5	29	60.0	2	-	17
25 to 34 years	308	218	70.7	200	65.1	17	7.9	90
35 to 44 years	401	297	74.0	287	71.6	10	3.2	104
45 to 54 years	316	238	75.3	229	72.5	9	3.8	78
55 to 64 years	117	76	64.8	73	62.5	3	3.5	41
65 years and over	30	10	-	9	-	0	-	21
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	716	498	69.6	471	65.7	28	5.5	218
18 to 24 years	48	30	63.5	29	60.0	2	-	17
25 to 34 years	301	213	70.7	196	65.0	17	8.0	88
35 to 44 years	224	152	68.1	148	66.0	5	3.1	71
45 to 54 years	91	68	74.8	66	72.2	2	3.6	23
55 to 64 years	43	31	-	30	-	2	-	12
65 years and over	9	3	-	3	-	0	-	6
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over	504	370	73.4	357	70.9	13	3.4	134
25 to 34 years	7	5	-	5	-	0	-	2
35 to 44 years	177	144	81.6	139	78.8	5	3.4	33
45 to 54 years	224	169	75.5	163	72.6	6	3.8	55
55 to 64 years	74	45	60.2	44	58.8	1	2.4	30
65 years and over	22	6	-	6	-	0	-	15
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over	288	60	20.8	58	20.2	2	2.8	228
55 to 64 years	55	22	39.0	21	38.3	0	-	34
65 years and over	233	38	16.4	37	15.9	1	3.4	195
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over	492	264	53.6	256	52.1	7	2.7	228
35 to 44 years	0	0	-	0	-	0	-	0
45 to 54 years	151	115	75.9	113	74.8	2	1.5	36
55 to 64 years	239	139	58.0	134	56.0	5	3.5	100
65 years and over	102	10	9.8	9	9.2	1	-	92
NONVETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over	125,318	72,803	58.1	69,785	55.7	3,018	4.1	52,515
18 to 24 years	14,397	9,062	62.9	8,405	58.4	657	7.2	5,335
25 to 34 years	21,831	16,494	75.6	15,748	72.1	746	4.5	5,337
35 to 44 years	19,954	14,960	75.0	14,402	72.2	558	3.7	4,993
45 to 54 years	20,885	15,549	74.4	15,035	72.0	513	3.3	5,337
55 to 64 years	21,226	12,507	58.9	12,126	57.1	381	3.0	8,719
65 years and over	27,025	4,230	15.7	4,068	15.1	162	3.8	22,795
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over	20,156	9,938	49.3	9,583	47.5	355	3.6	10,218
Less than a high school diploma	876	187	21.3	173	19.8	13	7.0	689
High school graduates, no college	5,890	2,566	43.6	2,467	41.9	99	3.9	3,323
Some college or associate degree	7,026	3,665	52.2	3,514	50.0	151	4.1	3,361
Bachelor's degree and higher	6,365	3,520	55.3	3,428	53.9	92	2.6	2,845
Gulf War era, total
Total, 25 years and over	7,163	5,716	79.8	5,503	76.8	213	3.7	1,447
Less than a high school diploma	88	54	61.5	50	57.2	4	7.0	34
High school graduates, no college	1,578	1,257	79.7	1,200	76.0	57	4.6	321
Some college or associate degree	2,884	2,221	77.0	2,123	73.6	98	4.4	664
Bachelor's degree and higher	2,613	2,184	83.6	2,130	81.5	54	2.5	429
Gulf War era II
Total, 25 years and over	3,885	3,131	80.6	2,997	77.1	134	4.3	754
Less than a high school diploma	48	27	56.5	25	51.2	3	-	21
High school graduates, no college	799	654	81.9	616	77.1	38	5.9	144
Some college or associate degree	1,614	1,220	75.6	1,158	71.7	62	5.1	394
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,423	1,229	86.3	1,198	84.2	31	2.5	195
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over	3,279	2,585	78.9	2,507	76.4	79	3.1	693
Less than a high school diploma	40	27	67.6	26	64.5	1	-	13
High school graduates, no college	779	603	77.4	584	74.9	19	3.2	176
Some college or associate degree	1,270	1,000	78.8	965	76.0	35	3.5	269
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,190	955	80.3	932	78.3	23	2.4	234
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 25 years and over	8,052	1,818	22.6	1,751	21.7	67	3.7	6,234
Less than a high school diploma	509	62	12.3	58	11.4	4	7.0	447
High school graduates, no college	2,547	499	19.6	480	18.9	19	3.8	2,047
Some college or associate degree	2,528	584	23.1	558	22.1	26	4.4	1,944
Bachelor's degree and higher	2,469	673	27.2	654	26.5	18	2.7	1,796
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over	4,941	2,404	48.7	2,329	47.1	75	3.1	2,537
Less than a high school diploma	279	70	25.1	65	23.4	5	7.0	209
High school graduates, no college	1,765	810	45.9	787	44.6	23	2.8	955
Some college or associate degree	1,614	861	53.3	833	51.6	27	3.2	754
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,283	664	51.7	644	50.2	20	3.0	619
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 years and over	196,773	129,221	65.7	124,549	63.3	4,673	3.6	67,552
Less than a high school diploma	21,596	10,040	46.5	9,386	43.5	654	6.5	11,556
High school graduates, no college	56,169	33,229	59.2	31,669	56.4	1,560	4.7	22,940
Some college or associate degree	50,520	34,232	67.8	32,958	65.2	1,274	3.7	16,288
Bachelor's degree and higher	68,489	51,721	75.5	50,536	73.8	1,185	2.3	16,768
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2017 annual averages [Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex	Veterans						Non- veterans
	Total	Gulf War era			WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	Other service periods
		Total	Gulf War era II	Gulf War era I
TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)	9,755	5,675	3,169	2,507	1,751	2,329	141,692
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	39.4	39.9	38.8	41.2	41.4	36.7	40.2
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	19.3	18.2	17.6	18.9	23.8	18.5	16.6
Professional and related occupations	20.1	21.7	21.2	22.3	17.6	18.2	23.6
Service occupations	13.9	15.1	16.1	13.8	10.7	13.4	17.3
Sales and office occupations	16.8	17.0	16.8	17.3	18.2	15.1	22.1
Sales and related occupations	8.6	7.8	7.5	8.1	11.8	8.1	10.2
Office and administrative support occupations	8.2	9.2	9.3	9.2	6.4	7.0	11.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13.6	13.6	14.8	12.1	12.4	14.3	9.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.9	0.6	0.8
Construction and extraction occupations	5.8	5.3	5.7	4.8	6.0	6.7	5.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	7.3	7.9	8.8	6.9	5.5	7.1	3.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	16.4	14.4	13.5	15.6	17.3	20.5	11.4
Production occupations	6.2	6.0	5.5	6.6	5.3	7.6	5.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	10.2	8.4	8.0	9.0	12.1	12.9	5.9
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)	8,613	4,848	2,698	2,150	1,693	2,073	71,907
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	38.1	38.3	37.2	39.6	41.0	35.4	36.4
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	19.3	18.1	17.3	19.0	23.8	18.6	17.4
Professional and related occupations	18.8	20.2	20.0	20.6	17.2	16.8	18.9
Service occupations	13.7	14.9	15.7	13.9	10.8	13.2	14.0
Sales and office occupations	15.2	15.0	14.8	15.1	17.6	13.6	15.9
Sales and related occupations	8.5	7.7	7.4	8.0	11.8	7.9	9.9
Office and administrative support occupations	6.6	7.3	7.4	7.1	5.9	5.8	6.0
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	15.2	15.8	17.3	13.9	12.9	15.8	16.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.9	0.6	1.1
Construction and extraction occupations	6.5	6.2	6.6	5.6	6.2	7.4	9.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	8.2	9.2	10.2	7.8	5.7	7.8	5.7
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17.8	16.1	14.9	17.5	17.7	22.0	17.0
Production occupations	6.8	6.7	6.1	7.5	5.3	8.2	7.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	11.0	9.3	8.8	9.9	12.4	13.7	9.4
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)	1,142	828	471	357	58	256	69,785
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	48.9	49.3	47.8	51.2	52.0	47.0	44.1
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	18.9	18.9	19.3	18.3	25.4	17.4	15.7
Professional and related occupations	30.0	30.4	28.5	32.9	26.7	29.6	28.4
Service occupations	15.3	16.0	18.4	13.0	7.9	14.7	20.7
Sales and office occupations	28.9	29.1	28.1	30.4	34.4	26.9	28.5
Sales and related occupations	9.0	8.4	8.1	8.8	12.7	10.3	10.6
Office and administrative support occupations	19.9	20.7	20.1	21.6	21.7	16.7	17.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	1.0	0.7	0.3	1.1	0.1	2.3	1.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.4
Construction and extraction occupations	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	1.4	0.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	0.6	0.5	0.2	1.0	0.0	0.9	0.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	5.9	4.9	5.4	4.4	5.5	9.2	5.7
Production occupations	1.9	1.6	2.2	0.9	3.0	2.3	3.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	4.1	3.3	3.2	3.4	2.6	6.8	2.2
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2017 annual averages [Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex	Veterans						Non- veterans
	Total	Gulf War era			WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	Other service periods
		Total	Gulf War era II	Gulf War era I
TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	9,755	5,675	3,169	2,507	1,751	2,329	141,692
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	2.0	0.8	0.9	0.6	5.7	2.1	1.6
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.4	1.5	1.0	1.1
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	1.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	4.1	1.2	0.5
Nonagricultural industries	98.0	99.2	99.1	99.4	94.3	97.9	98.4
Wage and salary workers(2)	92.1	96.0	96.4	95.5	80.2	91.7	92.7
Private industries	70.4	70.5	69.9	71.2	68.1	72.1	79.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.5
Construction	6.5	6.4	6.8	5.8	6.4	6.7	5.7
Manufacturing	12.1	12.0	10.8	13.5	8.7	14.7	9.7
Wholesale trade	2.7	2.4	2.2	2.6	3.5	2.9	2.2
Retail trade	8.6	8.0	8.5	7.5	10.4	8.6	10.3
Transportation and utilities	7.2	6.8	5.9	8.0	7.0	8.4	4.0
Information	1.9	2.2	2.2	2.2	1.1	1.7	1.7
Financial activities	4.9	4.9	4.3	5.7	5.8	4.2	6.4
Professional and business services	10.8	11.6	11.7	11.5	9.6	9.9	10.7
Education and health services	8.2	8.7	8.7	8.7	7.0	7.7	15.5
Leisure and hospitality	3.7	3.9	4.9	2.8	3.6	3.2	8.4
Other services	3.2	2.8	3.1	2.4	4.2	3.4	4.3
Government	21.7	25.5	26.5	24.3	12.1	19.6	13.3
Federal	10.2	13.4	14.8	11.6	3.5	7.5	1.9
State	4.6	4.9	5.1	4.5	3.2	5.1	4.7
Local	6.8	7.2	6.5	8.2	5.4	7.0	6.7
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	5.9	3.2	2.7	3.9	14.1	6.2	5.7
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	8,613	4,848	2,698	2,150	1,693	2,073	71,907
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	2.2	0.9	1.0	0.7	5.7	2.3	2.2
Wage and salary workers(2)	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.5	1.6	1.1	1.6
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	1.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	4.1	1.3	0.6
Nonagricultural industries	97.8	99.1	99.0	99.3	94.3	97.7	97.8
Wage and salary workers(2)	91.6	95.8	96.2	95.3	80.1	91.3	91.3
Private industries	71.0	71.3	70.8	72.0	68.1	72.8	81.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8
Construction	7.1	7.2	7.8	6.5	6.6	7.4	10.1
Manufacturing	13.0	13.3	12.1	14.9	8.9	15.7	13.2
Wholesale trade	2.8	2.5	2.3	2.8	3.4	3.1	3.0
Retail trade	8.5	8.0	8.6	7.3	10.5	8.2	10.2
Transportation and utilities	7.8	7.5	6.5	8.8	7.3	9.1	6.0
Information	2.0	2.4	2.4	2.4	1.2	1.8	2.0
Financial activities	4.7	4.6	3.9	5.5	5.8	4.1	5.6
Professional and business services	11.0	11.9	12.0	11.7	9.6	10.1	11.7
Education and health services	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.2	6.2	6.8
Leisure and hospitality	3.5	3.7	4.5	2.5	3.6	3.0	7.9
Other services	3.2	2.8	3.0	2.5	4.3	3.4	3.9
Government	20.6	24.5	25.5	23.3	12.0	18.6	10.3
Federal	9.4	12.7	14.0	11.1	3.3	6.9	1.8
State	4.4	4.7	4.8	4.4	3.2	4.9	3.5
Local	6.7	7.2	6.7	7.8	5.4	6.7	5.0
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	6.2	3.3	2.8	4.0	14.2	6.3	6.4
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	1,142	828	471	357	58	256	69,785
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.1	4.0	0.5	0.8
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.5
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.0	3.8	0.4	0.3
Nonagricultural industries	99.5	99.7	99.6	99.9	96.0	99.5	99.2
Wage and salary workers(2)	95.8	97.0	97.3	96.6	84.3	94.7	94.1
Private industries	66.0	65.6	64.9	66.6	67.6	66.6	77.7
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.1
Construction	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.2	2.1	1.1	1.2
Manufacturing	4.7	4.3	3.3	5.6	3.8	6.4	6.2
Wholesale trade	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.4	7.3	1.2	1.5
Retail trade	9.0	8.3	8.0	8.6	7.1	11.6	10.5
Transportation and utilities	2.4	2.5	2.1	3.2	0.0	2.6	2.0
Information	0.9	0.9	0.7	1.2	0.0	1.0	1.3
Financial activities	6.5	6.9	6.6	7.4	6.0	5.1	7.2
Professional and business services	9.5	9.9	9.7	10.2	7.4	8.4	9.6
Education and health services	21.5	21.4	21.4	21.4	30.2	19.8	24.5
Leisure and hospitality	5.5	5.7	6.8	4.2	3.7	5.1	8.9
Other services	3.0	2.9	3.5	2.2	0.0	4.0	4.6
Government	29.9	31.4	32.4	30.0	16.7	28.0	16.4
Federal	15.9	17.6	19.9	14.6	9.8	11.9	2.0
State	6.2	6.1	6.8	5.1	3.0	7.0	5.9
Local	7.8	7.6	5.6	10.3	3.9	9.1	8.5
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	3.6	2.7	2.2	3.3	11.7	4.8	5.0
Footnotes (1) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately. (2) Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	20,387	10,125	49.7	9,755	47.8	370	3.7	10,262
Alabama	375	182	48.5	178	47.4	4	2.2	193
Alaska	73	44	60.5	42	57.3	2	5.3	29
Arizona	501	229	45.7	217	43.3	12	5.2	272
Arkansas	244	108	44.3	103	42.4	5	4.4	136
California	1,823	887	48.7	850	46.6	37	4.2	936
Colorado	396	215	54.3	207	52.3	8	3.7	181
Connecticut	191	93	48.9	90	47.3	3	3.4	97
Delaware	78	36	46.0	34	44.2	1	4.0	42
District of Columbia	27	14	49.6	13	46.5	1	6.3	14
Florida	1,603	734	45.8	713	44.5	21	2.9	869
Georgia	697	410	58.8	396	56.8	14	3.4	287
Hawaii	105	55	52.5	53	50.7	2	3.5	50
Idaho	121	54	44.4	52	42.8	2	3.4	67
Illinois	624	295	47.3	283	45.4	12	4.1	329
Indiana	446	239	53.4	233	52.1	6	2.4	208
Iowa	217	113	52.2	108	49.6	6	5.0	104
Kansas	173	88	50.7	86	49.5	2	2.5	85
Kentucky	294	148	50.3	145	49.3	3	2.0	146
Louisiana	306	149	48.7	145	47.3	4	3.0	157
Maine	112	55	48.6	54	47.8	1	1.7	58
Maryland	436	268	61.6	260	59.6	9	3.3	167
Massachusetts	361	172	47.5	168	46.4	4	2.4	189
Michigan	567	260	45.9	251	44.3	9	3.6	307
Minnesota	337	178	52.8	169	50.2	9	5.1	159
Mississippi	197	98	49.7	95	48.0	3	3.5	99
Missouri	446	208	46.6	202	45.2	6	3.1	238
Montana	103	51	49.3	49	47.2	2	4.4	52
Nebraska	124	63	50.8	60	48.5	3	4.5	61
Nevada	270	135	50.1	129	47.6	7	4.9	135
New Hampshire	103	49	47.6	48	46.0	2	3.3	54
New Jersey	339	150	44.1	144	42.4	6	4.0	190
New Mexico	152	70	45.9	67	44.4	2	3.3	82
New York	760	323	42.5	310	40.8	13	3.9	437
North Carolina	720	365	50.7	348	48.3	17	4.7	355
North Dakota	48	27	56.6	27	55.4	1	2.1	21
Ohio	796	369	46.4	357	44.8	13	3.5	427
Oklahoma	298	151	50.9	146	49.1	5	3.5	146
Oregon	305	152	49.8	145	47.6	6	4.3	153
Pennsylvania	837	382	45.7	363	43.4	19	5.0	454
Rhode Island	71	32	44.5	29	41.3	2	7.3	39
South Carolina	417	189	45.4	182	43.6	7	3.9	228
South Dakota	77	46	59.5	45	58.0	1	2.5	31
Tennessee	515	262	50.8	253	49.1	9	3.5	253
Texas	1,678	905	53.9	870	51.9	35	3.8	773
Utah	151	79	52.1	76	50.6	2	2.9	72
Vermont	42	19	44.8	19	44.1	0	1.7	23
Virginia	772	463	60.0	452	58.5	11	2.5	309
Washington	508	245	48.2	237	46.6	8	3.2	263
West Virginia	145	64	44.2	61	41.9	3	5.1	81
Wisconsin	353	175	49.4	169	47.8	6	3.3	179
Wyoming	51	28	53.9	26	51.4	1	4.6	24
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	225,619	147,957	65.6	141,692	62.8	6,265	4.2	77,662
Alabama	3,339	1,967	58.9	1,881	56.3	86	4.4	1,372
Alaska	457	321	70.2	296	64.8	25	7.8	136
Arizona	4,768	3,033	63.6	2,897	60.8	135	4.5	1,736
Arkansas	2,004	1,241	61.9	1,198	59.8	43	3.5	763
California	28,000	18,116	64.7	17,275	61.7	842	4.6	9,884
Colorado	3,871	2,768	71.5	2,692	69.6	75	2.7	1,103
Connecticut	2,577	1,790	69.5	1,705	66.2	85	4.8	786
Delaware	658	433	65.8	412	62.7	20	4.7	225
District of Columbia	528	384	72.7	361	68.3	24	6.1	144
Florida	14,799	9,284	62.7	8,915	60.2	369	4.0	5,515
Georgia	7,000	4,607	65.8	4,397	62.8	211	4.6	2,393
Hawaii	960	626	65.2	612	63.7	14	2.3	334
Idaho	1,125	762	67.7	739	65.7	23	3.0	363
Illinois	9,030	6,046	66.9	5,763	63.8	283	4.7	2,985
Indiana	4,506	3,011	66.8	2,910	64.6	101	3.4	1,494
Iowa	2,155	1,527	70.8	1,482	68.7	45	3.0	629
Kansas	1,966	1,366	69.5	1,319	67.1	47	3.5	600
Kentucky	3,043	1,885	61.9	1,787	58.7	98	5.2	1,158
Louisiana	3,172	1,946	61.4	1,845	58.2	101	5.2	1,225
Maine	953	635	66.7	616	64.6	20	3.1	317
Maryland	4,171	2,919	70.0	2,799	67.1	120	4.1	1,252
Massachusetts	5,012	3,437	68.6	3,305	65.9	132	3.8	1,575
Michigan	7,082	4,522	63.8	4,316	60.9	206	4.6	2,560
Minnesota	3,846	2,846	74.0	2,755	71.6	91	3.2	999
Mississippi	2,005	1,169	58.3	1,112	55.5	57	4.9	835
Missouri	4,150	2,751	66.3	2,648	63.8	103	3.7	1,400
Montana	707	465	65.8	447	63.3	18	3.8	242
Nebraska	1,284	920	71.6	896	69.8	24	2.6	364
Nevada	2,001	1,308	65.4	1,245	62.2	63	4.8	693
New Hampshire	952	677	71.1	659	69.3	17	2.5	276
New Jersey	6,517	4,279	65.6	4,083	62.7	195	4.6	2,239
New Mexico	1,402	852	60.8	801	57.1	51	6.0	550
New York	14,547	9,240	63.5	8,821	60.6	419	4.5	5,306
North Carolina	7,010	4,481	63.9	4,291	61.2	190	4.2	2,529
North Dakota	516	383	74.3	374	72.4	10	2.5	133
Ohio	8,033	5,292	65.9	5,034	62.7	258	4.9	2,742
Oklahoma	2,603	1,668	64.1	1,598	61.4	70	4.2	935
Oregon	2,925	1,941	66.4	1,864	63.7	77	4.0	984
Pennsylvania	9,037	5,882	65.1	5,615	62.1	268	4.5	3,155
Rhode Island	765	516	67.4	494	64.6	21	4.1	249
South Carolina	3,365	2,060	61.2	1,972	58.6	88	4.2	1,305
South Dakota	564	407	72.2	392	69.6	15	3.6	157
Tennessee	4,611	2,912	63.2	2,803	60.8	109	3.7	1,699
Texas	18,678	12,409	66.4	11,882	63.6	527	4.2	6,269
Utah	1,997	1,445	72.4	1,399	70.1	46	3.2	551
Vermont	456	319	69.9	309	67.9	9	3.0	137
Virginia	5,621	3,806	67.7	3,665	65.2	141	3.7	1,816
Washington	5,143	3,425	66.6	3,269	63.6	155	4.5	1,718
West Virginia	1,271	711	56.0	675	53.1	37	5.1	560
Wisconsin	4,055	2,905	71.6	2,815	69.4	90	3.1	1,150
Wyoming	383	263	68.6	252	65.8	11	4.1	120
NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex	Civilian noninstitutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total	20,562	10,065	49.0	9,618	46.8	448	4.4	10,497
With service-connected disability	4,939	2,390	48.4	2,287	46.3	103	4.3	2,549
Less than 30 percent disability rating	1,401	749	53.5	725	51.7	24	3.3	652
30 to 50 percent disability rating	1,066	664	62.3	642	60.3	22	3.3	402
60 percent or higher disability rating	2,034	767	37.7	730	35.9	37	4.8	1,267
Disability rating not reported	438	210	47.9	190	43.4	20	9.5	228
Without service-connected disability	14,905	7,338	49.2	7,005	47.0	333	4.5	7,567
Presence of disability not reported	718	337	47.0	325	45.3	12	3.6	381
Gulf War era, total
Total	7,490	6,001	80.1	5,769	77.0	232	3.9	1,489
With service-connected disability	2,613	1,885	72.1	1,809	69.2	76	4.0	728
Less than 30 percent disability rating	580	515	88.8	494	85.2	21	4.1	65
30 to 50 percent disability rating	658	534	81.2	527	80.1	7	1.3	124
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,171	685	58.5	648	55.3	37	5.3	487
Disability rating not reported	204	151	73.9	139	68.3	11	7.6	53
Without service-connected disability	4,526	3,878	85.7	3,732	82.4	146	3.8	648
Presence of disability not reported	350	238	67.8	228	65.0	10	4.1	113
Gulf War era II
Total	4,085	3,297	80.7	3,150	77.1	147	4.5	788
With service-connected disability	1,667	1,264	75.8	1,215	72.9	50	3.9	403
Less than 30 percent disability rating	328	300	91.6	294	89.7	6	2.1	27
30 to 50 percent disability rating	430	373	86.9	368	85.6	6	1.5	56
60 percent or higher disability rating	808	499	61.7	467	57.9	31	6.3	309
Disability rating not reported	102	92	90.6	86	84.2	7	7.1	10
Without service-connected disability	2,200	1,881	85.5	1,791	81.4	90	4.8	319
Presence of disability not reported	218	152	69.8	144	66.1	8	5.4	66
Gulf War era I
Total	3,405	2,704	79.4	2,619	76.9	85	3.1	701
With service-connected disability	946	621	65.6	594	62.8	26	4.3	326
Less than 30 percent disability rating	252	215	85.2	200	79.3	15	6.9	37
30 to 50 percent disability rating	228	161	70.5	160	69.9	1	0.8	67
60 percent or higher disability rating	363	186	51.2	181	49.8	5	2.9	177
Disability rating not reported	102	59	57.4	54	52.6	5	-	44
Without service-connected disability	2,326	1,998	85.9	1,941	83.4	57	2.8	329
Presence of disability not reported	132	85	64.5	84	63.3	2	1.8	47
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	8,050	1,707	21.2	1,582	19.7	124	7.3	6,343
With service-connected disability	1,692	260	15.4	250	14.8	10	3.9	1,432
Less than 30 percent disability rating	602	120	19.9	118	19.6	2	1.8	482
30 to 50 percent disability rating	281	62	22.1	59	20.8	4	-	219
60 percent or higher disability rating	654	52	8.0	52	8.0	-	-	602
Disability rating not reported	155	26	16.6	21	13.8	4	-	129
Without service-connected disability	6,157	1,421	23.1	1,309	21.3	112	7.9	4,736
Presence of disability not reported	201	26	12.7	23	11.5	2	-	175
Other service periods
Total	5,022	2,358	46.9	2,267	45.1	91	3.9	2,664
With service-connected disability	633	244	38.6	228	36.0	16	6.7	389
Less than 30 percent disability rating	219	114	52.0	113	51.5	1	1.1	105
30 to 50 percent disability rating	127	68	53.2	57	44.6	11	-	59
60 percent or higher disability rating	209	30	14.3	30	14.3	-	-	179
Disability rating not reported	79	33	42.2	29	36.9	4	-	45
Without service-connected disability	4,222	2,039	48.3	1,965	46.5	74	3.6	2,183
Presence of disability not reported	167	74	44.4	74	44.4	0	-	93
MEN VETERANS
Total	18,530	8,821	47.6	8,452	45.6	369	4.2	9,709
With service-connected disability	4,390	2,086	47.5	1,995	45.4	92	4.4	2,304
Less than 30 percent disability rating	1,241	633	51.0	619	49.8	14	2.2	608
30 to 50 percent disability rating	952	594	62.4	572	60.1	22	3.7	358
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,810	681	37.6	646	35.7	36	5.3	1,129
Disability rating not reported	387	178	46.1	158	40.9	20	11.2	208
Without service-connected disability	13,519	6,447	47.7	6,173	45.7	274	4.2	7,072
Presence of disability not reported	621	288	46.4	284	45.8	4	1.4	333
Gulf War era, total
Total	6,254	5,099	81.5	4,930	78.8	169	3.3	1,155
With service-connected disability	2,169	1,600	73.7	1,535	70.7	65	4.1	570
Less than 30 percent disability rating	463	416	89.8	405	87.5	11	2.6	47
30 to 50 percent disability rating	558	464	83.2	457	82.0	7	1.5	94
60 percent or higher disability rating	992	600	60.5	564	56.9	36	6.0	392
Disability rating not reported	156	119	76.4	108	69.0	11	9.6	37
Without service-connected disability	3,812	3,304	86.7	3,202	84.0	102	3.1	508
Presence of disability not reported	273	195	71.5	193	71.0	2	0.8	78
Gulf War era II
Total	3,339	2,761	82.7	2,659	79.6	102	3.7	578
With service-connected disability	1,392	1,097	78.8	1,054	75.7	43	3.9	295
Less than 30 percent disability rating	263	253	96.2	253	96.2	-	-	10
30 to 50 percent disability rating	364	331	90.8	325	89.2	6	1.7	34
60 percent or higher disability rating	682	440	64.5	410	60.1	30	6.9	242
Disability rating not reported	82	72	88.3	66	80.4	7	-	10
Without service-connected disability	1,777	1,542	86.8	1,483	83.5	59	3.8	234
Presence of disability not reported	171	122	71.2	122	71.2	0	0.0	49
Gulf War era I
Total	2,915	2,338	80.2	2,271	77.9	67	2.9	577
With service-connected disability	778	503	64.6	480	61.8	22	4.4	275
Less than 30 percent disability rating	200	163	81.3	152	75.9	11	6.6	37
30 to 50 percent disability rating	193	133	68.9	132	68.2	1	1.0	60
60 percent or higher disability rating	310	160	51.6	155	49.8	5	3.3	150
Disability rating not reported	74	47	-	42	-	5	-	27
Without service-connected disability	2,035	1,762	86.6	1,719	84.4	43	2.4	273
Presence of disability not reported	102	73	72.0	72	70.5	2	-	29
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	7,760	1,640	21.1	1,520	19.6	120	7.3	6,120
With service-connected disability	1,649	260	15.8	250	15.2	10	3.9	1,389
Less than 30 percent disability rating	585	120	20.5	118	20.2	2	1.8	465
30 to 50 percent disability rating	272	62	22.8	59	21.5	4	-	210
60 percent or higher disability rating	637	52	8.2	52	8.2	-	-	585
Disability rating not reported	155	26	16.6	21	13.8	4	-	129
Without service-connected disability	5,917	1,354	22.9	1,247	21.1	108	8.0	4,562
Presence of disability not reported	194	26	13.2	23	11.9	2	-	168
Other service periods
Total	4,516	2,082	46.1	2,002	44.3	80	3.8	2,434
With service-connected disability	571	226	39.6	210	36.8	16	7.3	345
Less than 30 percent disability rating	193	97	50.1	95	49.5	1	1.3	96
30 to 50 percent disability rating	122	68	55.4	57	46.4	11	-	55
60 percent or higher disability rating	181	29	15.9	29	15.9	-	-	152
Disability rating not reported	75	33	44.1	29	38.6	4	-	42
Without service-connected disability	3,790	1,788	47.2	1,725	45.5	64	3.6	2,002
Presence of disability not reported	155	68	43.9	68	43.9	0	-	87
WOMEN VETERANS
Total	2,032	1,244	61.2	1,166	57.4	78	6.3	788
With service-connected disability	549	304	55.3	292	53.3	11	3.6	245
Less than 30 percent disability rating	160	116	72.8	106	66.3	10	8.9	43
30 to 50 percent disability rating	114	70	61.6	70	61.6	-	-	44
60 percent or higher disability rating	224	86	38.2	85	37.9	1	0.9	138
Disability rating not reported	51	31	-	31	-	-	-	20
Without service-connected disability	1,386	891	64.3	832	60.1	59	6.6	494
Presence of disability not reported	97	49	50.4	41	42.0	8	-	48
Gulf War era, total
Total	1,236	902	73.0	839	67.8	64	7.0	334
With service-connected disability	444	285	64.3	274	61.8	11	3.9	159
Without service-connected disability	714	574	80.4	530	74.2	44	7.7	140
Presence of disability not reported	78	43	54.8	34	44.3	8	-	35
Gulf War era II
Total	746	536	71.9	491	65.8	46	8.5	209
With service-connected disability	275	167	60.8	160	58.3	7	4.1	108
Without service-connected disability	423	338	79.9	308	72.7	31	9.1	85
Presence of disability not reported	47	31	-	23	-	8	-	17
Gulf War era I
Total	490	366	74.6	348	71.0	18	4.9	124
With service-connected disability	169	118	70.0	114	67.5	4	3.5	51
Without service-connected disability	291	236	81.0	222	76.3	14	5.8	55
Presence of disability not reported	30	12	-	12	-	-	-	18
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	290	67	22.9	62	21.5	4	-	223
With service-connected disability	43	-	-	-	-	-	-	43
Without service-connected disability	240	67	27.7	62	26.0	4	-	173
Presence of disability not reported	7	0	-	0	-	-	-	7
Other service periods
Total	506	275	54.4	265	52.3	11	3.9	231
With service-connected disability	62	18	-	18	-	-	-	44
Without service-connected disability	432	251	58.1	240	55.6	11	4.3	181
Presence of disability not reported	13	6	-	6	-	0	-	6
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of worker, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of disability, and period of service	Total employed (thousands)	Percent distribution by class of worker
		Total	Agriculture and related industries	Nonagricultural industries
				Total	Wage and salary workers(1)				Self- employed, unincor- porated, and unpaid family workers
					Private sector	Government
						Total	Federal	State and local
Veterans, total(2)	9,618	100.0	2.3	97.7	69.8	21.9	10.3	11.6	6.0
With service-connected disability	2,287	100.0	1.6	98.4	59.2	32.5	19.3	13.2	6.7
Without service-connected disability	7,005	100.0	2.4	97.6	73.1	18.6	7.2	11.4	5.9
Gulf War era, total(2)	5,769	100.0	0.8	99.2	70.8	25.6	12.6	13.0	2.7
With service-connected disability	1,809	100.0	0.4	99.6	60.7	35.1	21.4	13.7	3.9
Without service-connected disability	3,732	100.0	0.9	99.1	75.5	21.4	8.1	13.3	2.2
Gulf War era II(2)	3,150	100.0	0.9	99.1	70.9	25.3	12.1	13.2	2.9
With service-connected disability	1,215	100.0	0.6	99.4	63.0	32.5	17.3	15.2	3.9
Without service-connected disability	1,791	100.0	0.8	99.2	76.3	20.7	7.9	12.8	2.1
Gulf War era I(2)	2,619	100.0	0.8	99.2	70.7	26.0	13.3	12.7	2.5
With service-connected disability	594	100.0	-	100.0	55.8	40.3	29.6	10.7	3.8
Without service-connected disability	1,941	100.0	0.9	99.1	74.8	22.1	8.3	13.8	2.2
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era(2)	1,582	100.0	6.8	93.2	65.4	11.4	4.1	7.3	16.5
With service-connected disability	250	100.0	7.0	93.0	52.6	14.8	6.3	8.4	25.7
Without service-connected disability	1,309	100.0	6.8	93.2	67.3	10.9	3.8	7.2	15.0
Other service periods(2)	2,267	100.0	3.0	97.0	70.1	19.8	8.8	10.9	7.2
With service-connected disability	228	100.0	5.7	94.3	54.7	31.5	17.6	14.0	8.1
Without service-connected disability	1,965	100.0	2.5	97.5	72.2	18.4	7.7	10.7	6.8
Nonveterans	141,637	100.0	1.6	98.4	79.7	13.0	1.9	11.1	5.7
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release.

Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard status	Civilian noninstitutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS
Gulf War era, total
Total	7,490	6,001	80.1	5,769	77.0	232	3.9	1,489
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	2,392	1,971	82.4	1,922	80.4	48	2.5	421
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	4,800	3,811	79.4	3,641	75.9	170	4.5	989
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	298	219	73.5	205	68.8	14	6.4	79
Gulf War era II
Total	4,085	3,297	80.7	3,150	77.1	147	4.5	788
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	1,398	1,150	82.2	1,118	79.9	32	2.8	249
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	2,516	2,029	80.6	1,922	76.4	107	5.3	487
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	170	118	69.5	110	64.7	8	6.9	52
Gulf War era I
Total	3,405	2,704	79.4	2,619	76.9	85	3.1	701
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	994	821	82.6	805	81.0	16	2.0	173
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	2,284	1,782	78.0	1,719	75.3	63	3.5	502
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	128	101	78.9	95	74.4	6	5.7	27
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty.

Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and location	Civilian noninstitutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Number	Rate
Total, Gulf War-era II veterans	4,085	3,297	80.7	3,150	77.1	147	4.5	788
Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both(1)	1,940	1,519	78.3	1,452	74.8	67	4.4	421
Served in Iraq(2)	1,509	1,149	76.2	1,105	73.2	44	3.9	359
Served in Afghanistan(3)	977	785	80.3	746	76.4	38	4.9	192
Served in both locations(4)	545	415	76.1	399	73.3	15	3.7	130
Served elsewhere	2,145	1,778	82.9	1,698	79.2	80	4.5	367
(1) Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes veterans who served in both countries. (2) Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan. (3) Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq. (4) Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001.