Table 3. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, seasonally adjusted
Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses
(in thousands) as a percent of employment
Category 3 months ended 3 months ended
Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept.
2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023
Total private(1)
Gross job gains 8,841 8,108 8,041 8,120 7,559 6.9 6.3 6.2 6.2 5.8
At expanding establishments 7,183 6,447 6,515 6,511 6,001 5.6 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.6
At opening establishments 1,658 1,661 1,526 1,609 1,558 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2
Gross job losses 7,500 7,630 7,065 7,788 7,751 5.9 5.9 5.4 5.9 5.9
At contracting establishments 5,995 6,113 5,646 6,296 6,174 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.8 4.7
At closing establishments 1,505 1,517 1,419 1,492 1,577 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2
Net employment change 1,341 478 976 332 -192 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.3 -0.1
Goods-producing
Gross job gains 1,383 1,341 1,343 1,350 1,214 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.4
At expanding establishments 1,172 1,124 1,139 1,147 1,015 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5
At opening establishments 211 217 204 203 199 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9
Gross job losses 1,234 1,288 1,211 1,318 1,312 5.5 5.8 5.3 5.8 5.8
At contracting establishments 1,024 1,073 1,007 1,095 1,085 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.8 4.8
At closing establishments 210 215 204 223 227 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0
Net employment change 149 53 132 32 -98 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.1 -0.4
Natural resources and mining
Gross job gains 234 204 218 247 221 13.0 11.1 11.9 13.5 12.1
At expanding establishments 205 176 192 217 192 11.4 9.6 10.5 11.9 10.5
At opening establishments 29 28 26 30 29 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6
Gross job losses 180 240 229 204 220 10.0 13.2 12.5 11.2 12.0
At contracting establishments 156 215 198 175 189 8.7 11.8 10.8 9.6 10.3
At closing establishments 24 25 31 29 31 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.7
Net employment change 54 -36 -11 43 1 3.0 -2.1 -0.6 2.3 0.1
Construction
Gross job gains 655 667 706 666 607 8.5 8.6 8.9 8.4 7.7
At expanding establishments 525 529 571 541 483 6.8 6.8 7.2 6.8 6.1
At opening establishments 130 138 135 125 124 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6
Gross job losses 626 630 580 663 642 8.1 8.1 7.4 8.4 8.1
At contracting establishments 495 495 457 522 504 6.4 6.4 5.8 6.6 6.4
At closing establishments 131 135 123 141 138 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7
Net employment change 29 37 126 3 -35 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.0 -0.4
Manufacturing
Gross job gains 494 470 419 437 386 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.0
At expanding establishments 442 419 376 389 340 3.5 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.6
At opening establishments 52 51 43 48 46 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
Gross job losses 428 418 402 451 450 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.5
At contracting establishments 373 363 352 398 392 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.0
At closing establishments 55 55 50 53 58 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5
Net employment change 66 52 17 -14 -64 0.6 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.5
Service-providing(1)
Gross job gains 7,458 6,767 6,698 6,770 6,345 7.1 6.3 6.2 6.2 5.9
At expanding establishments 6,011 5,323 5,376 5,364 4,986 5.7 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.6
At opening establishments 1,447 1,444 1,322 1,406 1,359 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3
Gross job losses 6,266 6,342 5,854 6,470 6,439 5.9 5.9 5.4 6.0 5.9
At contracting establishments 4,971 5,040 4,639 5,201 5,089 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.8 4.7
At closing establishments 1,295 1,302 1,215 1,269 1,350 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2
Net employment change 1,192 425 844 300 -94 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.0
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains 333 293 280 280 259 5.6 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.2
At expanding establishments 273 239 234 231 210 4.6 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.4
At opening establishments 60 54 46 49 49 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8
Gross job losses 258 253 250 261 259 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3
At contracting establishments 200 195 191 204 199 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3
At closing establishments 58 58 59 57 60 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0
Net employment change 75 40 30 19 0 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.4 -0.1
Retail trade
Gross job gains 954 804 880 859 822 6.1 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.2
At expanding establishments 828 687 771 739 709 5.3 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.5
At opening establishments 126 117 109 120 113 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7
Gross job losses 920 903 729 898 903 5.9 5.8 4.8 5.7 5.7
At contracting establishments 808 789 628 785 771 5.2 5.1 4.1 5.0 4.9
At closing establishments 112 114 101 113 132 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8
Net employment change 34 -99 151 -39 -81 0.2 -0.5 0.9 -0.2 -0.5
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains 385 473 307 324 330 6.0 7.3 4.7 5.0 5.2
At expanding establishments 334 409 261 277 286 5.2 6.3 4.0 4.3 4.5
At opening establishments 51 64 46 47 44 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7
Gross job losses 328 332 440 377 340 5.1 5.1 6.7 5.9 5.3
At contracting establishments 277 277 393 324 290 4.3 4.3 6.0 5.1 4.5
At closing establishments 51 55 47 53 50 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8
Net employment change 57 141 -133 -53 -10 0.9 2.2 -2.0 -0.9 -0.1
Utilities
Gross job gains 19 18 16 21 18 3.5 3.3 2.9 3.6 3.1
At expanding establishments 17 16 14 19 16 3.1 2.9 2.5 3.3 2.8
At opening establishments 2 2 2 2 2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
Gross job losses 12 14 11 15 13 2.2 2.5 2.0 2.6 2.2
At contracting establishments 10 11 9 13 11 1.8 2.0 1.6 2.3 1.9
At closing establishments 2 3 2 2 2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3
Net employment change 7 4 5 6 5 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9
Information
Gross job gains 203 166 139 146 130 6.6 5.4 4.6 4.8 4.4
At expanding establishments 162 127 112 115 94 5.3 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.2
At opening establishments 41 39 27 31 36 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2
Gross job losses 176 190 179 216 197 5.8 6.2 5.8 7.2 6.7
At contracting establishments 137 151 147 180 158 4.5 4.9 4.8 6.0 5.4
At closing establishments 39 39 32 36 39 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3
Net employment change 27 -24 -40 -70 -67 0.8 -0.8 -1.2 -2.4 -2.3
Financial activities
Gross job gains 497 451 410 448 386 5.8 5.2 4.8 5.2 4.5
At expanding establishments 392 341 325 355 294 4.6 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.4
At opening establishments 105 110 85 93 92 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1
Gross job losses 438 473 401 413 415 5.1 5.5 4.6 4.7 4.8
At contracting establishments 332 363 297 308 311 3.9 4.2 3.4 3.5 3.6
At closing establishments 106 110 104 105 104 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2
Net employment change 59 -22 9 35 -29 0.7 -0.3 0.2 0.5 -0.3
Professional and business services
Gross job gains 1,776 1,520 1,475 1,497 1,401 7.8 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.2
At expanding establishments 1,403 1,173 1,184 1,181 1,092 6.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.8
At opening establishments 373 347 291 316 309 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4
Gross job losses 1,501 1,601 1,422 1,578 1,544 6.6 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.8
At contracting establishments 1,163 1,252 1,112 1,263 1,196 5.1 5.5 4.9 5.6 5.3
At closing establishments 338 349 310 315 348 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5
Net employment change 275 -81 53 -81 -143 1.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.4 -0.6
Education and health services
Gross job gains 1,313 1,162 1,225 1,275 1,232 5.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.0
At expanding establishments 1,089 920 1,013 1,042 1,004 4.7 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.1
At opening establishments 224 242 212 233 228 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9
Gross job losses 959 1,012 908 989 985 4.1 4.3 3.8 4.1 4.0
At contracting establishments 727 770 690 773 744 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.0
At closing establishments 232 242 218 216 241 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0
Net employment change 354 150 317 286 247 1.6 0.6 1.3 1.2 1.0
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains 1,529 1,459 1,464 1,423 1,330 9.7 9.1 9.0 8.6 8.1
At expanding establishments 1,224 1,149 1,178 1,126 1,028 7.8 7.2 7.2 6.8 6.3
At opening establishments 305 310 286 297 302 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8
Gross job losses 1,347 1,224 1,182 1,375 1,436 8.5 7.6 7.2 8.4 8.7
At contracting establishments 1,092 996 948 1,113 1,167 6.9 6.2 5.8 6.8 7.1
At closing establishments 255 228 234 262 269 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6
Net employment change 182 235 282 48 -106 1.2 1.5 1.8 0.2 -0.6
Other services
Gross job gains 350 322 327 330 306 8.3 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.0
At expanding establishments 271 246 258 255 233 6.4 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.3
At opening establishments 79 76 69 75 73 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7
Gross job losses 289 298 284 299 304 6.9 7.0 6.6 6.9 7.0
At contracting establishments 213 223 209 224 227 5.1 5.2 4.9 5.2 5.2
At closing establishments 76 75 75 75 77 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8
Net employment change 61 24 43 31 2 1.4 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.0
(1) Includes unclassified sector, not shown separately.
United States Department of Labor
