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Economic News Release
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Employment Cost Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                   USDL-24-0792
8:30 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, April 30, 2024

Technical information: (202) 691-6199  •  ncsinfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/eci
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  •  pressoffice@bls.gov

                                    EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – MARCH 2024

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 1.2 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month period
ending in March 2024, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries increased 1.1
percent and benefit costs increased 1.1 percent from December 2023. (See tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 4.2 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2024
and increased 4.8 percent in March 2023. Wages and salaries increased 4.4 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in March 2024 and increased 5.0 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2023. Benefit costs
increased 3.7 percent over the year and increased 4.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2023.
(See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 4.1 percent over the year. In March 2023, the 
increase was 4.8 percent. Wages and salaries increased 4.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in March
2024 and increased 5.1 percent in March 2023. The cost of benefits increased 3.6 percent for the 12-month 
period ending in March 2024 and increased 4.3 percent in March 2023. Inflation-adjusted (constant dollar) 
compensation costs for private industry workers increased 0.6 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
March 2024. Inflation-adjusted wages and salaries increased 0.8 percent for the 12 months ending March 
2024. Inflation-adjusted benefit costs in the private sector increased 0.1 percent over that same period. 
(See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Within private industry by bargaining status, compensation costs increased 5.3 percent for union workers 
and 3.9 percent for nonunion workers for the 12-month period ending in March 2024. Wages and salaries 
increased 6.3 percent for union workers and 4.1 percent for nonunion workers for the 12-month period 
ending in March 2024. Benefit costs increased 3.8 percent for union workers and 3.6 percent for nonunion 
workers for the period ending in March 2024.(See tables 6, 10, and 12.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 4.8 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in March 2024, and increased 4.9 percent in the period ending in March 2023. Wages and salaries 
increased 5.0 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2024 and increased 4.7 percent a year ago. 
Benefit costs increased 4.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2024. The prior year increase
was 5.0 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category 3-month,
seasonally adjusted		 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, current dollar 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, constant dollar
Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

Civilian workers(1)

Compensation(2)

 0.9 1.2 4.8 4.2 4.2 -0.2 0.9 0.8

Wages and salaries

 1.1 1.1 5.0 4.3 4.4 0.0 1.0 0.9

Benefits

 0.7 1.1 4.5 3.8 3.7 -0.5 0.4 0.3

Private industry

Compensation(2)

 0.9 1.1 4.8 4.1 4.1 -0.2 0.7 0.6

Wages and salaries

 1.0 1.1 5.1 4.3 4.3 0.1 0.9 0.8

Benefits

 0.7 1.0 4.3 3.6 3.6 -0.6 0.2 0.1

Health benefits

 - - 3.1 1.8 2.8 - - -

State and local government

Compensation(2)

 1.0 1.3 4.9 4.6 4.8 -0.1 1.3 1.3

Wages and salaries

 1.1 1.4 4.7 4.7 5.0 -0.2 1.1 1.5

Benefits

 1.0 1.2 5.0 4.6 4.5 0.2 1.3 0.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

Note: All estimates in the table can be found in the public database at www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Dashes indicate data not available.

 


					   TECHNICAL NOTE
					   
The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of 
employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage, 
methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation, see National Compensation Measures Handbook of Methods
at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size: Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 
23,300 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 5,500 private industry establishments 
and approximately 7,500 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local 
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Standard errors: To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all 
current quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see 
www.bls.gov/eci/factsheets/eci-standard-errors.htm and the database query tool at 
www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to 
ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Historical listings: Historical ECI data are available in xlsx format at www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm.
The continuous occupational and industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification 
(SIC) Manual and Occupational Classification System (OCS) series from 1975 through 2005 and the North 
American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) from 2006
to the present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change in classification 
systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article 
published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf. The transition from
NAICS 2017 to NAICS 2022 occurred during the March 2024 ECI and series were determined to remain 
continuous. 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data: The costs per hour worked of compensation components are
published as part of the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release. The ECEC release
dates are available at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in
xlsx format at www.bls.gov/ecec/tables.htm. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights
rather than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually
differ from those in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights: For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing
the ECI, see www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-
employment-cost-index.htm. Beginning with the December 2022 release, the ECI introduced new employment 
weights, see www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2022/eci-2021-fixed-weights-and-2018-soc-update.htm.

Seasonal factors: Detailed information on seasonal factors for the 2024 reference year and the revisions
of historical seasonally adjusted data for the most recent five years can be found at www.bls.gov/eci/
factsheets/annual-seasonal-adjustment.htm. More information on seasonal adjustment can be found at 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2024/article/seasonality-in-the-employment-cost-index.htm. 

Additional information: Historical tables are available in xlsx format for constant dollar, current
dollar, and continuous series, see www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. ECI release dates are available on the
release calendar at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/eci.htm. Subscribe to receive the BLS Economic 
News Release email at public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. If you are deaf, hard of
hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(2)

 162.1 164.0 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 156.7 158.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1

Manufacturing

 156.1 158.0 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2

Service-providing industries(4)

 163.3 165.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2

Education and health services

 161.0 162.8 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.1

Educational services

 159.5 161.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools

 160.0 161.5 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 157.8 159.8 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.3

Health care and social assistance

 162.5 164.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.2

Hospitals

 162.9 165.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

 163.2 165.0 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.1

Public administration

 166.8 169.6 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7

Private industry workers

All workers

 161.9 163.7 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 157.2 158.8 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0

Management, business, and financial

 157.9 159.6 1.2 1.4 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.1

Professional and related

 156.8 158.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0

Sales and office

 165.1 167.4 1.6 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.4

Sales and related

 163.1 165.7 1.8 2.5 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.4 1.1 1.6

Office and administrative support

 166.2 168.1 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 159.9 161.3 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 158.3 159.7 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 161.7 163.2 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.6 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 166.1 168.2 1.5 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.3

Production

 161.6 163.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2

Transportation and material moving

 171.3 173.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.3

Service occupations

 173.5 175.4 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.1

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 156.6 158.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1

Construction

 157.9 159.4 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.9

Manufacturing

 156.1 158.0 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2

Aircraft manufacturing

 135.5 136.9 1.8 0.1 -5.2 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.7 1.0

Service-providing industries(5)

 163.4 165.2 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 167.8 169.2 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.4 0.8

Wholesale trade

 159.8 162.1 1.7 1.4 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.4

Retail trade

 172.0 171.8 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.8 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing

 169.3 172.5 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.0 1.4 0.7 3.0 1.9

Utilities

 172.6 173.3 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.4

Information

 158.0 159.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.9

Financial activities

 159.7 160.5 1.4 2.2 0.5 1.2 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.5

Finance and insurance

 160.3 161.1 1.3 2.3 0.4 1.3 0.3 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.5

Credit intermediation and related activities

 161.3 163.9 -0.3 3.0 -0.4 1.3 1.4 0.4 1.3 1.1 1.6

Insurance carriers and related activities

 160.9 162.1 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

 157.3 158.3 1.7 1.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.6

Professional and business services

 161.4 163.9 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.5

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 162.5 164.7 0.9 1.7 1.2 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.4

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 162.1 163.9 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.1

Education and health services

 161.1 162.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1

Educational services

 157.6 159.9 1.3 1.6 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 156.4 158.3 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.2

Health care and social assistance

 161.8 163.6 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1

Hospitals

 162.7 164.9 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

 161.7 163.5 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.1

Leisure and hospitality

 173.9 174.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.5

Accommodation and food services

 177.6 178.3 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.4

Other services, except public administration

 164.9 167.9 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.8

State and local government workers

All workers

 163.1 165.3 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.3

Industry

Education and health services

 160.8 162.7 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.2

Educational services

 160.0 161.7 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1

Schools

 159.9 161.6 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools

 160.4 161.9 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9

Health care and social assistance

 167.3 170.2 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.7

Hospitals

 163.4 166.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.6 1.7

Public administration

 166.8 169.6 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 162.1 163.9 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 160.3 162.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2

Manufacturing

 160.1 162.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3

Service-providing industries(3)

 162.4 164.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2

Education and health services

 156.8 158.6 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1

Educational services

 149.7 151.8 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools

 148.3 150.2 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 150.9 152.8 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.3

Health care and social assistance

 164.0 165.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0

Hospitals

 164.0 165.8 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1

Public administration

 156.0 158.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.7

Private industry workers

All workers

 164.4 166.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 158.5 160.1 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.0

Professional and related

 158.7 160.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9

Management, business, and financial

 158.6 160.4 0.9 1.4 0.4 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.1

Sales and office

 167.4 169.9 1.5 2.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.5

Office and administrative support

 167.7 169.7 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 161.7 163.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 160.2 161.6 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 163.5 165.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 170.5 173.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.5

Production

 165.5 167.9 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.4

Transportation and material moving

 175.9 178.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.9 1.6

Service occupations

 178.5 180.6 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.2

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 160.4 162.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2

Construction

 160.6 162.5 0.6 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.5 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.2

Manufacturing

 160.1 162.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3

Aircraft manufacturing

 160.9 162.8 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.2

Service-providing industries(4)

 165.4 167.2 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 169.3 171.0 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.0

Wholesale trade

 157.2 159.7 1.6 1.6 0.5 1.2 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.6

Retail trade

 175.4 175.3 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.0

Transportation and warehousing

 173.6 177.5 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.5 0.8 3.5 2.3

Utilities

 167.2 167.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.4

Information

 156.9 157.8 1.2 0.6 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.6

Financial activities

 161.2 161.3 1.1 2.2 0.3 1.4 0.1 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.1

Finance and insurance

 161.9 161.9 0.9 2.3 0.1 1.4 -0.1 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities

 161.3 163.5 -1.4 3.1 -1.0 1.4 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.3 1.4

Insurance carriers and related activities

 160.0 160.7 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

 158.6 159.5 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.2 0.5

Professional and business services

 163.2 166.0 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.7

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 163.7 166.0 0.9 1.7 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.4

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 166.7 168.8 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.3

Education and health services

 162.9 164.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.1

Educational services

 156.4 158.9 1.1 1.7 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 153.4 155.2 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2

Health care and social assistance

 164.3 165.9 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0

Hospitals

 165.0 166.7 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0

Leisure and hospitality

 180.2 181.1 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.5

Accommodation and food services

 183.9 184.8 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.5

Other services, except public administration

 167.6 170.7 1.3 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.8

State and local government workers

All workers

 152.0 154.1 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.4

Industry

Education and health services

 149.6 151.6 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.3

Educational services

 148.3 150.3 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3

Schools

 148.3 150.3 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools

 147.8 149.7 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3

Health care and social assistance

 160.5 163.0 1.0 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.6

Hospitals

 159.1 161.5 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.5

Public administration

 156.0 158.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 162.5 164.3 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1

Private industry workers

All workers

 156.1 157.7 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 154.1 155.8 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.1

Sales and office

 159.2 160.8 2.0 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 155.9 157.4 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 157.2 158.4 1.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.8

Service occupations

 157.2 158.5 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.8

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 148.9 150.2 1.9 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9

Manufacturing

 148.6 149.9 2.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9

Service-providing industries(3)

 158.5 160.2 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.1

State and local government workers

All workers(1)

 185.1 187.3 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

All workers(2)

 157.4 161.9 164.0 1.3 0.7 1.3 4.8 4.2 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)

 157.3 161.7 163.9 1.4 0.6 1.4 4.8 4.2 4.2

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 153.4 157.7 159.7 1.3 0.4 1.3 4.4 4.1 4.1

Management, business, and financial

 154.0 158.0 160.0 1.2 0.3 1.3 4.1 3.9 3.9

Professional and related

 153.2 157.6 159.6 1.3 0.6 1.3 4.7 4.2 4.2

Sales and office

 161.3 165.4 168.0 1.4 0.7 1.6 5.6 4.0 4.2

Sales and related

 159.1 163.0 165.8 1.3 1.1 1.7 6.1 3.8 4.2

Office and administrative support

 162.3 166.6 169.0 1.4 0.5 1.4 5.3 4.1 4.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 155.2 160.1 161.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 4.3 4.4 4.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 154.6 158.6 160.3 1.1 0.6 1.1 3.9 3.7 3.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 156.0 161.8 163.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 4.8 5.3 4.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 160.6 165.8 168.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 4.6 4.6 4.7

Production

 157.1 161.4 163.7 1.4 1.0 1.4 4.8 4.2 4.2

Transportation and material moving

 165.8 171.8 174.3 1.2 1.7 1.5 4.5 4.9 5.1

Service occupations

 168.1 172.9 175.3 1.4 0.6 1.4 5.9 4.3 4.3

Industry

Goods-producing industries(4)

 152.5 156.4 158.4 1.3 0.8 1.3 4.3 3.9 3.9

Manufacturing

 152.3 155.8 158.1 1.3 0.8 1.5 4.2 3.7 3.8

Service-providing industries(5)

 158.3 162.9 165.1 1.3 0.6 1.4 4.9 4.2 4.3

Education and health services

 155.8 161.0 162.7 1.1 0.8 1.1 5.1 4.5 4.4

Educational services

 154.1 159.5 160.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 4.8 4.4 4.3

Elementary and secondary schools

 154.4 159.9 160.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 4.7 4.4 4.2

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 152.9 157.9 159.5 0.9 0.8 1.0 4.9 4.2 4.3

Health care and social assistance

 157.4 162.5 164.6 1.3 0.9 1.3 5.3 4.6 4.6

Hospitals

 158.0 162.8 165.4 1.5 0.9 1.6 5.3 4.6 4.7

Nursing and residential care facilities

 157.8 163.0 164.9 1.3 0.8 1.2 6.0 4.6 4.5

Public administration

 160.1 166.7 169.4 0.9 1.0 1.6 4.7 5.1 5.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

All workers

 157.4 161.6 163.8 1.4 0.6 1.4 4.8 4.1 4.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 157.3 161.4 163.7 1.5 0.6 1.4 4.8 4.1 4.1

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 152.9 156.8 158.9 1.4 0.4 1.3 4.3 4.0 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 152.1 155.9 158.1 1.5 0.5 1.4 4.3 4.1 3.9

Management, business, and financial

 153.8 157.5 159.5 1.3 0.2 1.3 4.0 3.8 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 152.7 156.2 158.5 1.5 0.3 1.5 4.0 3.9 3.8

Professional and related

 152.4 156.4 158.6 1.5 0.6 1.4 4.7 4.2 4.1

Sales and office

 161.3 165.2 167.9 1.4 0.7 1.6 5.7 3.8 4.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 163.0 166.9 169.3 1.7 0.5 1.4 5.6 4.1 3.9

Sales and related

 159.0 162.9 165.7 1.3 1.1 1.7 6.1 3.8 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 163.8 167.6 169.8 2.0 0.7 1.3 5.9 4.4 3.7

Office and administrative support

 161.9 165.8 168.3 1.4 0.4 1.5 5.3 3.9 4.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 154.8 159.7 161.3 1.2 0.9 1.0 4.3 4.4 4.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 154.1 158.1 159.7 1.0 0.5 1.0 3.8 3.7 3.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 155.6 161.5 163.2 1.5 1.4 1.1 4.8 5.3 4.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 160.3 165.5 167.9 1.3 1.4 1.5 4.5 4.6 4.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 160.1 165.3 167.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 4.6 4.7 4.7

Production

 157.1 161.3 163.7 1.4 0.9 1.5 4.8 4.1 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 157.5 161.8 163.9 1.4 1.0 1.3 4.7 4.2 4.1

Transportation and material moving

 165.5 171.5 173.9 1.3 1.8 1.4 4.4 5.0 5.1

Service occupations

 169.0 173.2 175.6 1.4 0.5 1.4 6.0 4.0 3.9

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

 152.5 156.3 158.3 1.3 0.8 1.3 4.3 3.8 3.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 152.3 155.9 157.9 1.3 0.7 1.3 4.0 3.7 3.7

Management, professional, and related

 146.4 148.9 151.3 1.5 0.3 1.6 3.0 3.2 3.3

Sales and office

 160.4 167.1 169.5 1.5 2.5 1.4 8.4 5.8 5.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 153.5 157.5 159.0 1.1 0.6 1.0 3.9 3.8 3.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

 155.1 159.2 161.2 1.2 1.0 1.3 4.7 3.9 3.9

Construction

 153.3 157.7 159.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 4.9 4.2 3.8

Manufacturing

 152.3 155.8 158.1 1.3 0.8 1.5 4.2 3.7 3.8

Management, professional, and related

 147.6 150.1 152.5 1.4 0.4 1.6 2.9 3.2 3.3

Sales and office occupations

 156.8 160.4 163.8 1.2 0.6 2.1 5.4 3.5 4.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 151.9 156.0 157.9 1.2 1.0 1.2 4.3 3.9 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 154.9 159.0 161.2 1.2 1.0 1.4 4.7 3.9 4.1

Aircraft manufacturing

 133.6 134.7 137.2 1.8 0.1 1.9 -5.2 2.6 2.7

Service-providing industries(4)

 158.8 163.1 165.4 1.4 0.6 1.4 5.0 4.2 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 158.8 163.0 165.3 1.5 0.6 1.4 5.0 4.2 4.1

Management, professional, and related

 154.1 158.1 160.2 1.4 0.4 1.3 4.5 4.1 4.0

Sales and office

 161.4 164.9 167.7 1.4 0.5 1.7 5.4 3.6 3.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 156.8 163.0 164.8 1.5 1.5 1.1 4.8 5.5 5.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

 166.1 172.1 174.8 1.4 1.7 1.6 4.4 5.1 5.2

Service occupations

 169.0 173.3 175.7 1.4 0.5 1.4 6.0 4.0 4.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 162.2 167.5 169.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 4.4 4.6 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 162.7 168.1 170.0 1.6 1.3 1.1 4.8 5.0 4.5

Wholesale trade

 155.2 159.1 162.1 1.3 0.4 1.9 4.3 3.9 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 158.4 162.2 164.2 1.6 0.2 1.2 5.0 4.0 3.7

Retail trade

 167.4 171.5 172.0 1.6 0.5 0.3 5.4 4.1 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 166.0 170.1 171.4 2.0 0.5 0.8 5.7 4.5 3.3

Transportation and warehousing

 161.2 169.8 172.8 0.9 3.2 1.8 3.1 6.3 7.2

Utilities

 166.8 171.9 173.6 1.6 0.6 1.0 3.7 4.7 4.1

Information

 154.5 157.5 159.5 1.4 0.7 1.3 5.0 3.4 3.2

Financial activities

 155.1 159.0 160.4 0.8 -0.1 0.9 4.4 3.4 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 156.9 159.3 161.9 1.9 0.1 1.6 5.1 3.4 3.2

Finance and insurance

 155.4 159.5 160.8 0.7 0.0 0.8 4.4 3.4 3.5

Credit intermediation and related activities

 156.3 160.5 163.2 1.4 0.1 1.7 5.3 4.2 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 161.1 163.5 166.8 2.2 0.1 2.0 6.0 3.7 3.5

Insurance carriers and related activities

 157.8 159.9 162.1 1.7 -0.4 1.4 5.1 3.1 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 155.8 158.2 160.9 1.9 0.2 1.7 4.7 3.5 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

 153.9 156.9 158.4 1.3 -0.3 1.0 4.8 3.3 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 158.1 160.8 162.7 1.3 -0.2 1.2 4.7 3.1 2.9

Professional and business services

 157.9 161.0 164.2 1.7 0.2 2.0 5.1 3.7 4.0

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 158.9 161.9 165.0 1.8 0.1 1.9 5.2 3.7 3.8

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 158.2 161.6 164.1 1.7 0.4 1.5 5.2 3.9 3.7

Education and health services

 156.1 161.1 163.1 1.3 0.9 1.2 5.3 4.5 4.5

Educational services

 152.8 157.7 159.6 0.9 0.8 1.2 5.1 4.2 4.5

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 151.9 156.5 158.0 0.7 0.6 1.0 4.2 3.8 4.0

Health care and social assistance

 156.8 161.8 163.8 1.4 0.9 1.2 5.3 4.6 4.5

Hospitals

 157.8 162.5 165.2 1.5 1.0 1.7 5.3 4.6 4.7

Nursing and residential care facilities

 156.6 161.6 163.4 1.4 0.7 1.1 6.1 4.6 4.3

Nursing care facilities(2)

 156.0 161.6 163.1 1.2 0.9 0.9 6.4 4.8 4.6

Leisure and hospitality

 169.3 173.0 174.7 1.8 0.3 1.0 5.9 4.0 3.2

Accommodation and food service

 173.0 176.7 178.3 1.9 0.3 0.9 5.9 4.1 3.1

Other services, except public administration

 159.7 164.3 168.2 2.2 0.6 2.4 4.7 5.1 5.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

Bargaining status

Union

 158.1 163.7 166.5 1.0 1.7 1.7 3.6 4.5 5.3

Goods-producing industries(2)

 150.6 154.9 156.8 0.4 1.1 1.2 2.1 3.3 4.1

Manufacturing

 144.4 148.7 151.1 0.3 1.8 1.6 1.5 3.3 4.6

Service-providing industries(3)

 163.4 169.8 173.1 1.3 2.0 1.9 4.4 5.3 5.9

Nonunion

 157.2 161.2 163.4 1.4 0.5 1.4 5.0 4.0 3.9

Goods-producing industries(2)

 152.7 156.5 158.5 1.5 0.8 1.3 4.8 4.0 3.8

Manufacturing

 154.1 157.5 159.8 1.5 0.6 1.5 4.6 3.8 3.7

Service-providing industries(3)

 158.3 162.4 164.6 1.4 0.5 1.4 5.0 4.0 4.0

Census region and division(4)

Northeast

 159.0 163.0 165.0 1.3 0.5 1.2 4.5 3.8 3.8

New England

 163.0 167.1 168.9 0.6 0.2 1.1 4.2 3.1 3.6

Middle Atlantic

 157.5 161.5 163.6 1.5 0.6 1.3 4.5 4.1 3.9

South

 155.1 159.7 161.8 1.4 0.6 1.3 5.2 4.4 4.3

South Atlantic

 158.1 162.9 165.3 1.5 0.4 1.5 5.8 4.6 4.6

East South Central

 154.8 159.4 160.2 1.6 0.8 0.5 4.5 4.7 3.5

West South Central

 150.2 154.3 156.7 1.3 0.6 1.6 4.3 4.1 4.3

Midwest

 154.6 158.5 160.7 1.2 0.6 1.4 4.5 3.7 3.9

East North Central

 153.2 157.4 159.5 1.2 0.7 1.3 4.7 4.0 4.1

West North Central

 157.9 161.1 163.4 1.1 0.6 1.4 3.9 3.1 3.5

West

 162.1 166.1 168.7 1.6 0.8 1.6 5.1 4.1 4.1

Mountain

 160.1 164.8 166.5 2.0 1.2 1.0 5.2 5.0 4.0

Pacific

 163.1 166.9 169.8 1.6 0.7 1.7 5.0 3.9 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

All workers

 157.3 163.0 164.9 1.0 0.7 1.2 4.9 4.6 4.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 154.6 160.2 161.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 4.7 4.5 4.6

Professional and related

 154.5 159.8 161.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 4.7 4.3 4.5

Sales and office

 160.8 167.0 169.2 1.1 0.9 1.3 4.9 5.0 5.2

Office and administrative support

 160.8 167.0 169.3 1.1 0.9 1.4 4.8 5.0 5.3

Service occupations

 165.1 171.4 174.1 1.1 1.1 1.6 5.7 5.0 5.5

Industry

Education and health services

 155.4 160.8 162.2 0.9 0.7 0.9 4.9 4.4 4.4

Educational services

 154.5 159.9 161.1 0.8 0.6 0.8 4.8 4.4 4.3

Schools

 154.5 159.9 161.1 0.8 0.7 0.8 4.9 4.4 4.3

Elementary and secondary schools

 154.8 160.2 161.3 0.8 0.6 0.7 4.7 4.3 4.2

Health care and social assistance

 162.1 167.4 170.1 1.1 0.7 1.6 5.5 4.4 4.9

Hospitals

 158.6 163.6 166.2 1.1 0.6 1.6 5.2 4.3 4.8

Public administration

 160.1 166.7 169.4 0.9 1.0 1.6 4.7 5.1 5.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

All workers(1)

 157.1 161.9 164.0 1.2 0.7 1.3 5.0 4.3 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 156.5 161.3 163.4 1.4 0.7 1.3 5.0 4.5 4.4

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 151.3 155.9 157.6 1.1 0.5 1.1 4.4 4.2 4.2

Management, business, and financial

 153.1 157.6 159.3 0.9 0.3 1.1 3.7 3.8 4.0

Professional and related

 150.4 155.1 156.8 1.3 0.6 1.1 4.8 4.4 4.3

Sales and office

 162.2 166.8 169.5 1.3 1.0 1.6 5.9 4.2 4.5

Sales and related

 162.1 166.4 169.4 1.2 1.3 1.8 6.4 3.9 4.5

Office and administrative support

 161.9 166.7 169.1 1.4 0.7 1.4 5.5 4.4 4.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 155.7 161.0 162.7 1.4 1.1 1.1 4.8 4.9 4.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 155.2 159.5 161.2 1.2 0.6 1.1 4.4 4.0 3.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 156.3 162.8 164.4 1.6 1.7 1.0 5.1 5.9 5.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

 163.7 169.5 172.2 1.3 1.6 1.6 5.1 4.9 5.2

Production

 160.6 165.2 167.9 1.5 1.0 1.6 5.6 4.4 4.5

Transportation and material moving

 168.3 175.1 177.8 1.1 1.9 1.5 4.7 5.2 5.6

Service occupations

 169.2 174.3 176.8 1.4 0.7 1.4 6.3 4.5 4.5

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 155.9 160.1 162.3 1.4 1.0 1.4 5.1 4.1 4.1

Manufacturing

 156.0 159.7 162.3 1.4 0.8 1.6 4.9 3.8 4.0

Service-providing industries(4)

 157.3 162.2 164.3 1.2 0.7 1.3 4.9 4.4 4.5

Education and health services

 151.5 157.0 158.6 1.0 0.8 1.0 5.2 4.7 4.7

Educational services

 144.8 150.2 151.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 4.5 4.3 4.6

Elementary and secondary schools

 143.3 148.8 149.9 0.5 0.5 0.7 4.4 4.3 4.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

 146.3 151.3 152.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 4.5 4.1 4.3

Health care and social assistance

 158.4 164.1 165.9 1.3 1.0 1.1 5.7 5.0 4.7

Hospitals

 158.4 163.9 166.0 1.6 1.1 1.3 5.9 5.1 4.8

Nursing and residential care facilities

 160.9 166.9 168.7 1.4 0.9 1.1 6.6 5.2 4.8

Public administration

 149.7 156.4 158.6 0.8 1.0 1.4 4.9 5.3 5.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

All workers

 159.5 164.1 166.3 1.3 0.7 1.3 5.1 4.3 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 159.0 163.5 165.7 1.5 0.7 1.3 5.0 4.3 4.2

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 154.0 158.2 160.1 1.3 0.4 1.2 4.3 4.1 4.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 152.6 156.7 158.8 1.4 0.5 1.3 4.4 4.1 4.1

Management, business, and financial

 154.1 158.3 160.1 0.9 0.2 1.1 3.7 3.6 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 152.1 155.8 158.0 1.3 0.3 1.4 3.9 3.7 3.9

Professional and related

 154.0 158.4 160.3 1.7 0.7 1.2 4.9 4.6 4.1

Sales and office

 163.5 167.8 170.6 1.4 0.9 1.7 6.0 4.0 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 164.9 169.2 171.6 1.8 0.7 1.4 5.9 4.4 4.1

Sales and related

 162.3 166.5 169.6 1.2 1.2 1.9 6.4 3.9 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 166.8 170.8 173.1 2.1 0.8 1.3 6.2 4.5 3.8

Office and administrative support

 163.0 167.4 169.9 1.5 0.6 1.5 5.6 4.2 4.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 156.2 161.5 163.2 1.5 1.1 1.1 4.8 4.9 4.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 155.7 159.9 161.6 1.3 0.6 1.1 4.4 4.0 3.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 156.8 163.4 165.0 1.7 1.7 1.0 5.2 6.0 5.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

 164.1 169.9 172.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 5.1 4.9 5.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 164.0 169.8 172.4 1.5 1.7 1.5 5.3 5.1 5.1

Production

 160.8 165.3 168.0 1.6 1.0 1.6 5.7 4.4 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 161.2 165.7 168.1 1.6 1.0 1.4 5.6 4.4 4.3

Transportation and material moving

 169.2 176.0 178.8 1.2 2.0 1.6 4.6 5.3 5.7

Service occupations

 173.4 178.2 180.7 1.6 0.6 1.4 6.4 4.4 4.2

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

 156.0 160.2 162.4 1.4 1.0 1.4 5.2 4.1 4.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 155.6 159.4 161.6 1.4 0.8 1.4 4.7 3.8 3.9

Management, professional, and related

 150.4 152.9 155.6 1.5 0.3 1.8 3.7 3.2 3.5

Sales and office

 165.8 174.5 177.1 1.6 3.5 1.5 10.2 6.9 6.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 155.4 159.7 161.3 1.3 0.6 1.0 4.5 4.1 3.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 159.1 163.4 165.6 1.3 1.1 1.3 5.5 4.1 4.1

Construction

 155.6 160.5 162.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 5.7 4.5 4.2

Manufacturing

 156.0 159.7 162.3 1.4 0.8 1.6 4.9 3.8 4.0

Management, professional, and related

 151.2 153.8 156.5 1.5 0.5 1.8 3.6 3.3 3.5

Sales and office

 159.9 164.0 167.9 1.2 0.7 2.4 6.1 3.8 5.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 156.6 161.1 162.9 1.6 1.1 1.1 5.4 4.5 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 159.1 163.4 165.8 1.3 1.1 1.5 5.6 4.1 4.2

Aircraft manufacturing

 158.2 159.9 163.3 1.5 0.0 2.1 3.1 2.6 3.2

Service-providing industries(3)

 160.4 165.2 167.4 1.3 0.7 1.3 5.0 4.4 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 159.9 164.6 166.8 1.5 0.7 1.3 5.1 4.5 4.3

Management, professional, and related

 154.5 159.0 160.8 1.2 0.4 1.1 4.4 4.2 4.1

Sales and office

 163.2 167.1 169.9 1.3 0.7 1.7 5.5 3.7 4.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 157.2 164.2 166.0 1.7 1.9 1.1 5.1 6.3 5.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

 169.1 176.0 179.0 1.3 2.0 1.7 4.7 5.5 5.9

Service occupations

 173.4 178.3 180.8 1.6 0.6 1.4 6.4 4.5 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 163.2 169.0 171.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 4.6 4.8 4.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 163.4 169.4 171.4 1.6 1.5 1.2 5.1 5.3 4.9

Wholesale trade

 152.6 156.5 159.7 1.2 0.4 2.0 4.2 3.8 4.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 155.2 159.1 160.9 1.6 0.4 1.1 5.1 4.1 3.7

Retail trade

 170.2 175.0 175.4 1.4 0.6 0.2 5.5 4.3 3.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 168.3 173.1 174.6 1.9 0.6 0.9 5.8 4.8 3.7

Transportation and warehousing

 164.0 174.0 177.6 0.9 3.8 2.1 3.6 7.1 8.3

Utilities

 161.1 166.7 168.3 1.6 1.2 1.0 3.5 5.1 4.5

Information

 153.7 156.5 158.1 1.5 0.9 1.0 4.8 3.4 2.9

Financial activities

 155.7 160.7 161.1 0.3 -0.1 0.2 3.9 3.5 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 156.4 159.2 161.5 1.9 0.1 1.4 4.8 3.7 3.3

Finance and insurance

 156.0 161.3 161.6 0.1 0.0 0.2 3.7 3.5 3.6

Credit intermediation and related activities

 155.2 160.6 162.5 0.8 0.2 1.2 4.4 4.4 4.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 159.4 162.0 164.7 2.0 0.1 1.7 5.6 3.7 3.3

Insurance carriers and related activities

 156.5 159.0 160.8 1.8 -0.6 1.1 5.1 3.4 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 152.8 155.7 158.2 2.1 0.2 1.6 4.5 4.0 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

 154.5 158.0 159.6 1.5 -0.3 1.0 5.0 3.8 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 159.3 162.4 164.5 1.4 -0.2 1.3 4.9 3.4 3.3

Professional and business services

 159.5 162.8 166.2 1.6 0.2 2.1 5.2 3.7 4.2

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 159.9 163.2 166.1 1.5 0.2 1.8 5.0 3.6 3.9

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 162.5 166.2 169.0 1.7 0.4 1.7 5.5 4.0 4.0

Education and health services

 157.4 163.0 164.8 1.3 1.0 1.1 5.6 4.9 4.7

Educational services

 151.6 156.6 158.5 0.9 0.7 1.2 5.2 4.2 4.6

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 148.9 153.6 154.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 4.1 3.8 4.0

Health care and social assistance

 158.7 164.4 166.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 5.7 5.0 4.7

Hospitals

 159.3 164.9 167.0 1.7 1.3 1.3 5.9 5.2 4.8

Nursing and residential care facilities

 161.8 167.8 169.7 1.4 0.8 1.1 6.7 5.1 4.9

Nursing care facilities(1)

 160.9 167.4 168.7 1.3 0.9 0.8 7.1 5.3 4.8

Leisure and hospitality

 175.3 179.4 181.3 1.7 0.3 1.1 6.0 4.1 3.4

Accommodation and food service

 179.0 183.1 184.9 1.8 0.4 1.0 6.0 4.2 3.3

Other services, except public administration

 161.8 167.0 170.9 2.1 0.7 2.3 4.7 5.4 5.6

Footnotes
(1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

Bargaining status

Union

 156.1 162.7 165.9 1.1 2.1 2.0 4.2 5.4 6.3

Goods-producing industries(1)

 148.6 153.0 155.2 0.9 1.4 1.4 3.6 3.9 4.4

Manufacturing

 147.3 152.0 155.0 0.8 2.0 2.0 3.5 4.0 5.2

Service-providing industries(2)

 160.8 168.7 172.5 1.2 2.6 2.3 4.6 6.2 7.3

Nonunion

 159.8 164.3 166.4 1.3 0.6 1.3 5.1 4.2 4.1

Goods-producing industries(1)

 157.6 161.7 163.9 1.5 0.9 1.4 5.5 4.1 4.0

Manufacturing

 157.8 161.4 163.9 1.5 0.7 1.5 5.2 3.9 3.9

Service-providing industries(2)

 160.4 164.9 167.0 1.3 0.5 1.3 5.1 4.2 4.1

Census region and division(3)

Northeast

 159.8 164.3 166.1 1.1 0.6 1.1 4.4 3.9 3.9

New England

 165.6 170.6 172.3 0.1 0.3 1.0 3.9 3.1 4.0

Middle Atlantic

 157.6 162.0 163.8 1.4 0.8 1.1 4.5 4.2 3.9

South

 158.0 163.1 165.2 1.3 0.6 1.3 5.4 4.6 4.6

South Atlantic

 161.4 166.9 169.3 1.4 0.5 1.4 6.3 4.9 4.9

East South Central

 156.7 161.4 162.2 1.6 0.8 0.5 5.0 4.7 3.5

West South Central

 153.0 157.6 159.8 1.1 0.7 1.4 4.2 4.1 4.4

Midwest

 155.8 160.1 162.3 1.2 0.8 1.4 4.6 4.0 4.2

East North Central

 154.3 158.8 160.8 1.2 0.8 1.3 4.8 4.2 4.2

West North Central

 159.5 163.1 165.7 1.1 0.7 1.6 4.2 3.4 3.9

West

 165.1 169.5 172.2 1.7 1.0 1.6 5.6 4.4 4.3

Mountain

 163.2 168.4 170.3 1.9 1.3 1.1 5.6 5.2 4.4

Pacific

 166.0 170.2 173.2 1.6 0.8 1.8 5.6 4.2 4.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

All workers

 146.6 152.4 153.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 4.7 4.7 5.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 144.1 149.8 151.1 0.5 0.7 0.9 4.4 4.5 4.9

Professional and related

 144.0 149.3 150.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 4.5 4.3 4.6

Sales and office

 147.5 154.2 156.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 4.9 5.5 5.8

Office and administrative support

 148.0 154.8 156.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 5.0 5.6 5.7

Service occupations

 155.2 161.4 163.9 0.8 0.9 1.5 5.8 4.9 5.6

Industry

Education and health services

 144.7 150.1 151.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 4.6 4.3 4.6

Educational services

 143.4 148.9 150.0 0.4 0.7 0.7 4.4 4.3 4.6

Schools

 143.4 148.8 150.0 0.4 0.6 0.8 4.4 4.2 4.6

Elementary and secondary schools

 142.8 148.3 149.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 4.4 4.3 4.6

Health care and social assistance

 155.4 160.9 163.0 1.0 0.8 1.3 5.9 4.5 4.9

Hospitals

 154.0 159.5 161.5 1.0 0.7 1.3 5.7 4.7 4.9

Public administration

 149.7 156.4 158.6 0.8 1.0 1.4 4.9 5.3 5.9

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 158.3 161.9 164.2 1.5 0.5 1.4 4.5 3.8 3.7

Private industry workers

All workers

 152.4 155.5 157.9 1.5 0.3 1.5 4.3 3.6 3.6

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 150.5 153.5 156.1 1.8 0.3 1.7 4.4 3.8 3.7

Sales and office

 155.5 158.3 160.7 1.5 0.2 1.5 4.9 3.3 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 151.8 155.7 157.3 0.8 0.5 1.0 3.2 3.4 3.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

 152.6 156.6 158.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 3.4 4.0 3.7

Service occupations

 154.5 156.9 158.7 1.2 0.3 1.1 4.9 2.8 2.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 145.4 148.6 150.3 1.0 0.5 1.1 2.5 3.3 3.4

Manufacturing

 145.1 148.3 150.1 1.1 0.6 1.2 2.4 3.3 3.4

Aircraft manufacturing

 107.2 107.7 109.4 2.1 0.0 1.6 -15.8 2.6 2.1

Service-providing industries(3)

 154.8 157.9 160.4 1.6 0.3 1.6 4.7 3.7 3.6

Bargaining status

Union

 161.6 165.6 167.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 2.8 3.4 3.8

Nonunion

 150.4 153.4 155.8 1.6 0.3 1.6 4.5 3.6 3.6

State and local government workers

All workers

 179.5 185.1 187.6 1.5 0.8 1.4 5.0 4.6 4.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1) Percent changes for 12-months ended-
Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries
Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024		 Mar.
2023		 Dec.
2023		 Mar.
2024

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

 3.9 3.1 3.2 4.0 3.4 3.5

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

 5.7 4.4 2.8 6.5 4.7 3.0

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

 5.1 3.8 4.4 5.6 4.4 5.1

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

 5.2 3.5 3.5 5.1 3.7 3.8

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

 3.5 5.2 5.7 3.4 4.9 5.3

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

 6.1 5.5 6.7 6.0 5.1 7.1

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

 5.5 4.4 4.5 5.7 4.9 5.1

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

 3.8 4.1 4.3 3.5 4.1 4.4

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.8 4.3 3.6

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

 4.0 3.6 3.8 4.3 3.7 4.2

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.9 5.0 4.5

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

 4.6 4.1 2.7 5.2 4.4 2.8

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

 4.4 2.7 4.4 4.7 2.8 4.7

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

 2.6 3.8 3.5 5.9 4.3 3.9

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Last Modified Date: April 30, 2024