Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2021-2022 annual averages

Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2021-2022 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	2021				2022
Characteristic	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Some college or associate degree	Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Some college or associate degree	Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
FOREIGN BORN
White non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	494	1,663	1,321	3,589	549	1,678	1,375	3,807
Civilian labor force	174	795	763	2,571	209	840	803	2,670
Participation rate	35.2	47.8	57.8	71.6	38.0	50.1	58.4	70.1
Employed	162	747	724	2,464	197	811	779	2,600
Employment-population ratio	32.8	44.9	54.8	68.7	35.9	48.3	56.6	68.3
Unemployed	12	48	39	106	11	29	24	70
Unemployment rate	6.6	6.0	5.2	4.1	5.5	3.5	3.0	2.6
Black non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	376	1,034	825	1,415	376	1,055	900	1,503
Civilian labor force	185	684	596	1,135	206	734	674	1,266
Participation rate	49.2	66.2	72.3	80.2	54.8	69.6	74.9	84.3
Employed	169	625	558	1,073	192	698	639	1,234
Employment-population ratio	44.9	60.5	67.7	75.8	51.2	66.1	71.0	82.1
Unemployed	16	59	38	62	13	36	35	33
Unemployment rate	8.7	8.6	6.3	5.5	6.5	4.9	5.2	2.6
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	849	1,916	1,239	6,190	901	1,927	1,309	6,445
Civilian labor force	330	1,008	787	4,554	321	1,090	817	4,749
Participation rate	38.9	52.6	63.6	73.6	35.6	56.6	62.4	73.7
Employed	307	923	745	4,391	312	1,063	799	4,654
Employment-population ratio	36.1	48.1	60.1	70.9	34.6	55.2	61.1	72.2
Unemployed	24	85	43	163	9	27	17	95
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.4	5.4	3.6	2.8	2.5	2.1	2.0
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,200	5,762	2,624	3,025	7,197	6,208	2,687	3,290
Civilian labor force	4,327	3,971	1,845	2,238	4,341	4,377	1,949	2,506
Participation rate	60.1	68.9	70.3	74.0	60.3	70.5	72.5	76.2
Employed	4,049	3,752	1,749	2,148	4,155	4,237	1,888	2,441
Employment-population ratio	56.2	65.1	66.6	71.0	57.7	68.3	70.3	74.2
Unemployed	278	219	96	91	186	140	60	64
Unemployment rate	6.4	5.5	5.2	4.0	4.3	3.2	3.1	2.6

NATIVE BORN
White non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,350	37,125	36,296	55,629	6,171	36,913	35,927	56,190
Civilian labor force	2,207	19,132	21,891	39,006	2,172	19,161	21,542	39,816
Participation rate	34.7	51.5	60.3	70.1	35.2	51.9	60.0	70.9
Employed	2,030	18,200	20,969	38,009	2,058	18,523	20,971	39,115
Employment-population ratio	32.0	49.0	57.8	68.3	33.4	50.2	58.4	69.6
Unemployed	176	932	922	997	114	638	571	701
Unemployment rate	8.0	4.9	4.2	2.6	5.2	3.3	2.7	1.8
Black non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,093	7,923	6,795	6,072	2,054	7,907	6,824	6,122
Civilian labor force	598	4,395	4,448	4,579	650	4,476	4,482	4,667
Participation rate	28.6	55.5	65.5	75.4	31.7	56.6	65.7	76.2
Employed	488	3,946	4,103	4,391	576	4,171	4,260	4,529
Employment-population ratio	23.3	49.8	60.4	72.3	28.1	52.8	62.4	74.0
Unemployed	110	450	345	187	74	305	222	138
Unemployment rate	18.4	10.2	7.7	4.1	11.4	6.8	5.0	3.0
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	142	580	642	2,335	149	499	643	2,365
Civilian labor force	52	329	425	1,833	59	296	450	1,869
Participation rate	36.8	56.7	66.2	78.5	39.7	59.3	70.0	79.0
Employed	48	302	398	1,777	58	287	434	1,826
Employment-population ratio	33.6	52.1	62.0	76.1	38.9	57.6	67.5	77.2
Unemployed	5	27	27	55	1	8	16	44
Unemployment rate	8.9	8.1	6.3	3.0	1.9	2.8	3.5	2.3
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,079	5,701	5,227	4,407	1,970	5,876	5,190	4,566
Civilian labor force	977	3,751	3,809	3,642	872	3,951	3,812	3,795
Participation rate	47.0	65.8	72.9	82.6	44.3	67.2	73.5	83.1
Employed	871	3,470	3,560	3,504	809	3,779	3,687	3,721
Employment-population ratio	41.9	60.9	68.1	79.5	41.0	64.3	71.0	81.5
Unemployed	106	281	249	138	64	172	125	74
Unemployment rate	10.9	7.5	6.5	3.8	7.3	4.3	3.3	2.0
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Data for race/ethnicity groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

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Last Modified Date: May 18, 2023