Table 1. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by selected characteristics

Table 1. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, 2023-2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	2023					2024
	Total employed	Members of unions(1)		Represented by unions(2)		Total employed	Members of unions(1)		Represented by unions(2)
	Total employed	Total	Percent of employed	Total	Percent of employed	Total employed	Total	Percent of employed	Total	Percent of employed
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	144,541	14,424	10.0	16,193	11.2	144,522	14,255	9.9	16,023	11.1
16 to 24 years	19,759	863	4.4	1,023	5.2	19,213	832	4.3	1,035	5.4
25 years and over	124,782	13,561	10.9	15,170	12.2	125,309	13,423	10.7	14,988	12.0
25 to 34 years	33,584	3,021	9.0	3,440	10.2	33,393	2,930	8.8	3,315	9.9
35 to 44 years	31,731	3,522	11.1	3,941	12.4	32,395	3,499	10.8	3,944	12.2
45 to 54 years	28,177	3,547	12.6	3,931	14.0	28,106	3,530	12.6	3,888	13.8
55 to 64 years	22,980	2,753	12.0	3,056	13.3	22,790	2,678	11.8	2,962	13.0
65 years and over	8,310	717	8.6	802	9.7	8,625	786	9.1	880	10.2

Men, 16 years and over	75,079	7,847	10.5	8,730	11.6	74,792	7,631	10.2	8,471	11.3
16 to 24 years	9,866	531	5.4	619	6.3	9,626	476	4.9	568	5.9
25 years and over	65,213	7,316	11.2	8,110	12.4	65,166	7,154	11.0	7,903	12.1
25 to 34 years	17,724	1,734	9.8	1,945	11.0	17,585	1,602	9.1	1,799	10.2
35 to 44 years	16,810	1,905	11.3	2,102	12.5	17,012	1,951	11.5	2,153	12.7
45 to 54 years	14,586	1,876	12.9	2,076	14.2	14,467	1,754	12.1	1,910	13.2
55 to 64 years	11,849	1,434	12.1	1,585	13.4	11,712	1,435	12.3	1,581	13.5
65 years and over	4,244	367	8.7	403	9.5	4,389	411	9.4	461	10.5

Women, 16 years and over	69,462	6,577	9.5	7,463	10.7	69,730	6,624	9.5	7,552	10.8
16 to 24 years	9,893	332	3.4	404	4.1	9,587	355	3.7	467	4.9
25 years and over	59,569	6,244	10.5	7,060	11.9	60,143	6,269	10.4	7,085	11.8
25 to 34 years	15,860	1,287	8.1	1,495	9.4	15,808	1,327	8.4	1,516	9.6
35 to 44 years	14,922	1,618	10.8	1,840	12.3	15,383	1,548	10.1	1,791	11.6
45 to 54 years	13,591	1,671	12.3	1,855	13.7	13,639	1,775	13.0	1,978	14.5
55 to 64 years	11,131	1,319	11.8	1,471	13.2	11,078	1,243	11.2	1,381	12.5
65 years and over	4,066	350	8.6	399	9.8	4,236	375	8.9	419	9.9

RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY, AND SEX
White, 16 years and over	109,689	10,777	9.8	12,130	11.1	109,472	10,509	9.6	11,843	10.8
Men	57,949	5,952	10.3	6,625	11.4	57,663	5,740	10.0	6,399	11.1
Women	51,740	4,826	9.3	5,505	10.6	51,809	4,769	9.2	5,444	10.5

Black or African American, 16 years and over	19,182	2,262	11.8	2,509	13.1	19,148	2,266	11.8	2,522	13.2
Men	9,017	1,190	13.2	1,309	14.5	8,976	1,153	12.8	1,250	13.9
Women	10,165	1,072	10.5	1,200	11.8	10,172	1,112	10.9	1,272	12.5

Asian, 16 years and over	10,044	786	7.8	904	9.0	10,162	869	8.5	997	9.8
Men	5,261	414	7.9	483	9.2	5,248	422	8.0	486	9.3
Women	4,783	372	7.8	420	8.8	4,914	447	9.1	510	10.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 16 years and over	27,361	2,462	9.0	2,742	10.0	28,224	2,407	8.5	2,746	9.7
Men	15,027	1,381	9.2	1,524	10.1	15,609	1,288	8.3	1,462	9.4
Women	12,334	1,081	8.8	1,218	9.9	12,616	1,118	8.9	1,284	10.2

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS(3)
Full-time workers	120,907	13,197	10.9	14,783	12.2	120,053	12,857	10.7	14,408	12.0
Part-time workers	23,476	1,210	5.2	1,390	5.9	24,307	1,388	5.7	1,601	6.6
Footnotes (1) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (2) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. (3) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

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Last Modified Date: January 28, 2025